Products of enzymatic degradation

Lysophospholipids have been found in butter serum by Cho et al. (1977). They characterized the sn-1 and -2 lysophosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines. It is not known if these compounds are products of degradation or remnants of biosynthesis. Cho et al. (1977) searched for, but did not find, another possible product of enzymatic degradation of milk, phosphatidic acid. Phosphatidic acid can be formed by the action of phospholipase D on phosphatidylcholine, for example, but this enzymatic activity was not detected. The compound is also an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of lipids, but the concentration in tissue is always very low. The amount is also low in milk. Cho et al. (1977) found 1.2 and 0.9 (percent of total lipid P) of the lyso compounds above. The quantities of the other phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, 27.3 -choline, 29.1 -serine, 13.4 -inositol, 2.5 and sphingomyelin, 25.6. 

As stated in 1953 (Gll) Dissolved mucoproteose is not a chemical entity, but a complex of intermediate products of digestion of gastric mucus. For this reason, the peptide moiety of this fraction may show transitions between the first and further split products of enzymatic degradation of proteins (proteans, primary and secondary proteoses, and even peptones). This is why one part of the mucoproteose fractions is dialyzable, and disappears from the electrophoretic partition of the dialyzed gastric juice. ... 

TLC has proved suitable for analysis of the products of enzymatic degradation of nucleotide coenzymes [38, 72] and of soluble ribonucleic acids [3] it has been demonstrated that enzymatic reactions can be carried out on layers of PEI-cellulose [72]. The biosynthesis of nucleosides [110], ribonucleoside- and deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates [52], diribonucleoside di-, tri- and tetraphosphates [76, 108, 111] and polynucleotides [62] has been followed with the help of TLC. 

Hamacher, K. and Sahm, H., Characterization of enzymatic degradation products of carboxymethyl cellulose by gel permeation chromatograph, Carb. Polym., 5, 319, 1985. 

Although some forms are detected when tomatine is extracted from the plant, these glycosides are probably either products of enzymatic hydrolysis during extraction or natural intermediates in the biosynthesis and/or degradation of tomatine. 

Han, K. Park, J. Chung, Y. Lee, M. Moon, D. Robinson, J. Identification of enzymatic degradation products of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH)/[D-Ala6]LHRH in rabbit mucosal homogenates. Pharm. Res. 1995, 12, 1539-1544. 

The use of membrane separation as a component of continuous fermentation systems is growing in interest. In this case it is possible to increase the productivity of product-inhibited fermentation, for example, by the continuous removal of the low molecular weight products. The enzymatic degradation of cellulose to alcohol, where the microorganisms used are inhibited at an alcohol concentration higher than 12%, might be improved by the use of this concept. 

The enzymatic hydrolysis of poly-p-hydroxybutyrate, PHB, by several different bacteria, which are known to secrete active esterases, has been studied in some detail by several research groups [7, 8]. As with the polysaccharides, the final products of these degradation reactions are the monomers, dimers and trimers, which are removed by hydrolysis only from hydroxyl-end of the polymer chain, as follows ... 

Urea is the most important end product of protein degradation in the body. Its concentration in blood depends on the protein catabolism and nutritive protein intake and is regulated by renal excretion. Thus the estimation of blood urea nitrogen is important in the assessment of kidney failure. The normal level of urea ranges from 3.6 mM to 8.9 mM. All enzymatic methods for urea determination are based on the principle of urea hydrolysis by urease ... 

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