Process Technology—Systems Two

After studying this chapter, the student will be able to  

Absorber—device used to remove selected components from a gas stream by contacting the stream with a gas or liquid. 

Adsorber—device (such as a reactor or a dryer) filled with porous solid designed to remove gases and liquids from a mixture. 

Demineralizer—a filtering-type device that removes dissolved substances from a fluid. 

Extract—composed of the solute and the heavier solvent will layer out or naturally separate from the lighter raffinate. The heavier extract does not flow over the weir rather, it goes out the extract discharge port. 

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Programs to develop MCFC technology are also under way in Europe. Ansaldo SpA (Italy) is setting up faciUties to produce 1-m cells in an automated process, and their goal is to test 100-kW stacks in 1994. The 100-kW stack is also to be tested by IBERDROLA in Spain as part of a complete power plant system. Two Dutch companies. Stork and Royal Schelde, have joined with the Dutch government to form Brandstofcel Nederland (BCN), which plans to test a 50-kW MCFC and two 250-kW MCFC stacks in 1994. 

Industrial air technology systems can be classified into two categories industrial ventilation and process air technology. A brief description of each type of system follows. More details are presented in Chapter 2. 

Much of the potential for improvement in technical energy efficiencies in industrial processes depends on how closely such processes have approached their thermodynamic limit. There are two types of energy efficiency measures (1) more efficient use in existing equipment through improved operation, maintenance or retrofit of equipment and (2) use of more efficient new equipment by introducing more efficient processes and systems at the point of capital turnover or expansion of production. More efficient practices and new technologies exist for all industrial sectors. Table 2 outlines some examples of energy efficiency improvement techniques and practices. 

Additionally, the influence of the life time of the micro-structured devices as well as the expenditure of the peripheral equipment was estimated in order to obtain insight into the ecological hot-spots of the system. A conventional macro-scaled semi-continuously operated batch process was chosen as a reference process. The comparison of both technological systems was performed by means of the two-step synthesis of m-anisaldehyde serving as model reaction. 

Pintail Systems, Inc. s, spent-ore bioremediation technology includes two main treatment processes. The first process involves the biological treatment of cyanide wastes using indigenous bacteria, which are isolated from contaminated sites and cultured in large quantities for full-scale applications. The second process involves metal biomineralization in which biological processes are adapted to immobilize soluble and leachable metals. 

Despite the advanced technology of the AQUATECH System, its installation is not complex. In fact, it is simpler and less costly than conventional electrolysis processing. AQUATECH Systems need only two electrodes for an entire 100-150 cell unit stack, avoiding complicated busbar arrangements. Furthermore, scale-up and installation of the unit are facilitated by the modular skid mounted cell stack design. 

In April 2000, the Army published a notice of intent (NOI) to prepare a site-specific environmental impact statement (EIS) for a facility to destroy the mustard agent and munitions stored at Pueblo Chemical Depot (PCD) in accordance with National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) requirements. Four technology options are under consideration the baseline incineration system, a modified baseline process, and the two neutralization-based2 processes noted... 

Figure 2.18 Organization of the visual system. Two main pathways, the magnocellular and the parvocellular pathways, can be distinguished. (Reproduced by permission from Massachusetts Institute of Technology. D. C. Van Essen and E. A Deyoe. Concurrent Processing in the Primate Visual Cortex. M. S. Grazzanida (ed.), The Cognitive Neurosciences, The MIT Press, pp. 383-400, 1995.)...

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