Purely mechanical processes

Hi-Compact Method—-A Purely Mechanical Process for Maximum Secondary Dewatering of Sludges, Bulletin 5-400e, KHD Humboldt Wedag AG, Cologne, Germany, 1988. 

Other There are a multitude of other forms of mechanical looseness (besides vertical and horizontal movement of machine legs) that are typical for manufacturing and process machinery. Most forms of pure mechanical looseness result in an increase in the vibration amplitude at the fundamental (lx) shaft speed. In addition, looseness generates one or more harmonics (i.e., 2x, 3x, 4x, or combinations of harmonics and half-harmonics). 

Another altered starch is damaged starch, which is purely mechanically modified starch. This is starch whose granules have been damaged in the milling process. The important property of damaged starch is that, unlike undamaged starch, it absorbs water in the cold. 

The polyphenylenes were brittle and did not form self-standing films when cast from solution. Therefore, they were considered poor materials. The use of these polymers was instead investigated as additives in polystyrene to improve processing and mechanical properties. A mixture of polystyrene and hyperbranched polyphenylene (5%) was studied and the results showed that the melt viscosity, especially at high temperatures and shear rates, was reduced by up to 80% as compared to pure polystyrene. Also, the thermal stability of polystyrene... 

Blends of polymers from renewable resources with Ecoflex (see Fig. 4), however, show very beneficial properties with respect to processability and mechanical characteristics. Thus, Ecoflex is used as a performance enabler for biopolymers, making it possible to apply bio-based polymers to a certain extent in applications for which the pure renewable materials are not suitable. 

Detergency is about the theory and practice of the removal of foreign material from solids by surface-active substances. This definition excludes pure mechanical cleaning. Also a pure chemical cleaning, e.g., by solvation of the foreign material, is not considered. In textiles oily substances usually attach to the fibres (animal fats, fatty acids, hydrocarbons, etc.). Also dust, soot, and other solid particles have to be removed in a washing process. In order to test the effectiveness of a surfactant, textiles are often polluted with standard dirt mixtures and cleaned with a standard washing procedure (launderometer). Often cleanliness is measured on the basis of optical reflectivity of white textiles. 

In Fig. 6 all of the methods are divided into purely mechanical pulps and chemically modified pulps. Under purely mechanical pulps the older methods, SGW, RMP, and TMP remain, but three new processes have been added to the list TRMP (thermo-refiner mechanical pulp), PGW (pressure ground wood) and PRMP (pressure refiner mechanical pulp). These purely mechanical methods are all very similar to the older processes. The differences are related to the temperature of either the wood before or during refining. Heat energy or pressure is not applied in the same manner in the different processes. 

In the nineteenth century the universe was thought of as a collection of particles, the atoms, which obeyed Newton s laws of motion. The future position of every particle was therefore determined by the positions and motions of the particles at any given time. The course of events was therefore fixed by natural law. Free will was impossible. A man seemed to decide what he would do, but the process by which he decided was controlled by natural laws, and the result was determined beforehand. According to this idea it was difficult to believe in any supernatural powers controlling the evolution of the universe, and in particular that of life on the earth. It was, however, extremely difficult not to believe in free will. The conclusion that there is no free will seems to be contrary to the facts and so requires the theory to be modified. Moreover no one really believed that art, literature, religion, and all the other human activities of a more or less spiritual character could be regarded as the results of a purely mechanical process based on Newton s laws of motion. The theory was obviously quite inadequate to explain these facts. 

When we consider the beginning and evolution of life on the earth it is difficult to believe that it is a purely mechanical process. It seems necessary to suppose that this evolution is controlled or guided from outside. The new ideas about waves and particles make this possible without any violation of natural laws. 

The validity of this equation has been confirmed by countless experiments. Success in application to freely falling bodies led to the generalization of the principle of energy conservation to apply to all purely mechanical processes. Ample experimental evidence to justify this generalization was readily obtained. 

Ideally we would like to reuse plastic waste to form directly new plastic products, but mechanical reprocessing of used plastics into new products has so far limited application. It is restricted to the treatment of relatively pure and well-defined waste, mainly from polymer processing factories. Mechanical reprocessing of municipal plastic waste results in new products of quality inferior to their virgin plastic ones. Separation of waste to streams of the same polymer type on the other hand is still very expensive. This fact restricts the applicability of mechanical reprocessing in polymer waste that is homogeneous in type and properties. 

Eaves, G. (1973). The invasiveness growth of malignant tumors as a purely mechanical process. J. Pathol. 109 223-231. 

Entrojiy and probability. The recognition of the universal applicability of the law of the conservation of energy is partly based on the mechanical conception of heat as motion of the ultimate particles of matter. If heat, energy, and kinetic energy of the molecules are essentially of the same nature, and are differentiated from one another only by the units in which we measure them, the validity of the law of the equivalence of heat and work is explained. At first sight, however, it is not easy to understand why heat cannot be converted completely into work, or, in other words, why the conversion of heat into work is an irreversible process (second law of thermodynamics). In pure mechanics we deal only with perfectly reversible processes. By the principles of mechanics the complete conversion of heat into work should be just as possible as the conversion... 

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