Law of nature

It is a universal experimental observation, i.e. a law of nature , that the equations of state of systems 1 and 2 are then coupled as if the wall separating them were diathemiic rather than adiabatic. In other words, there is a relation... 

Natur-gerbstoff, m, natural tan, -geschiebte, /. natural history, -gesetz, n, law of nature, natural law. 

Second law of thermodynamics A basic law of nature, one form of which states that all spontaneous processes occur with an increase in entropy, 457 Second order reaction A reaction whose rate depends on the second power of reactant concentration, 289,317q gas-phase, 300t... 

Hence, the laws of nature formulated in terms of the primed variables yield the same observable consequences as they do when formulated in terms of the unprimed ones. Furthermore, since the primed operators... 

The chess-board is the world the pieces are the phenomena of the universe the rules of the game are what we call the laws of Nature. The player on the other side is hidden from us. But we know that his play is always fair, just, and patient. But also we know to our cost, that he never overlooks a mistake, or makes the smallest allowance for ignorance. 

Materials are central not only in the transportation industry but even in electronics. The rate of progress in hardware is determined by materials and their processing. Nothing in the laws of nature that says that we cannot build a device that is about 700 atom diameters wide. In fact, we have built devices smaller than these and they all operate well. But this achievement was a laboratory demonstration. To manufacture these devices, we need a steady advance across a broad front of materials processing, new tools and techniques, and materials properties. 

It was believed for a long time that the fundamental laws of nature are invariant under space inversion, and hence the conservation of space inversion symmetry (P) is a universally accepted principle. The nonconservation of this symmetry was discovered experimentally by Wu and co-workers in the (3 decay of 60Co in... 

Casini, P. "Newton, the laws of Nature and "the Great Ocean of Truth"." In CIHS15 Abstracts, 34., 1977. 

Christie, M. Philosophers versus chemists concerning laws of nature. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 25 (1994) 613-629. 

As well as we believe we know the past, so uncertain is the long-term prognosis. Will the universe continue to expand or will it reach an equilibrium state Will the process of origin be reversed and end in a "Big Crunch" This would essentially entail all matter being sucked into an inconceivable Black Hole. A new Big Bang could then take place. Would the same laws of nature... 

What made evolution flow might also have proved contentious had Darwin not also oiled his way around problems of mechanism. Darwin s sixth edition of Origin ultimately accommodated evolution to Lamarck s principle of psychic anamnesis and the inheritance of acquired characteristics, the laws of nature as prescribed by a deity, and God s eternal wisdom. Darwin only hoped that natural selection would be seen to play some part somewhere along the way of descent with modification . 

Reductionism will have to be a thesis about the explanation of historical facts, some more general than others, but all of them ultimately the contingent results of general laws of natural selection operating on boundary conditions. Reductionism needs to claim that the only way to explain one historical fact is by appeal to other historical facts, plus some... 

Given the intensity of discussion of both creation and intelligent design, both of which propose an outside influence on evolution which has no simple scientific explanation, we must make our position clear. As far as we can see the directional character of evolution of our ecosystem, illustrated by the cone on the cover of this book, requires only one act for which we can see no explanation. We know of no cause of the Big Bang and the limitations it imposed on the cosmos observed in the laws of Nature. It is these laws alone which we use in our analysis. The laws contain possibilities both of systematic development which is the centre of our discussion and of random events. The first we relate, in the evolution of life, to chemotypes and the second to the appearance of species within chemotypes, see the cover of this book. At no time in this chapter, or in any other chapter do we invoke any other kind of activity. 

There is no theoretical ground for this conclusion, which is a purely empirical result based on a variety of experimental measurements. However, it seems to apply everywhere and to represent a law of Nature, stating that systems consisting of more than one particle of half-integral spin are always represented by anti-symmetric wave functions. It is noted that if the space function is symmetrical, the spin function must be anti-symmetrical to give an anti-symmetrical product. When each of the three symmetrical states is combined with the anti-symmetrical space function this produces what is... 

Elemental analysis can be employed to show that the reaction between Br2 and a C=C double bond always occurs with this stoichiometry of 1 1. It is a law of nature. 

Some people make physical chemistry sound more confusing than it really is. One of their best tricks is to define it inaccurately, saying it is the physics of chemicals . This definition is sometimes quite good, since it suggests we look at a chemical system and ascertain how it follows the laws of nature. This is true, but it suggests that chemistry is merely a sub-branch of physics and the notoriously mathematical nature of physics impels us to avoid this otherwise useful way of looking at physical chemistry. 

Later reconstructing the history of this period, Coulson claimed that the development of wave mechanics from Schrodinger to Dirac came to a "full stop" about 1929 insofar as chemistry was concerned. It was one thing to deal with the simplest cases of the H2+ ion and the H2 molecule. These problems hardly were comparable to methane or benzene. "Despondency set in."46 Joseph Hirschfelder later recalled that there were many new techniques to be learned in the 1920s, but then the realization set in that although "nature might be simple and elegant, molecular problems were definitely more complicated.. .. At this point, the theoretical physicists left the chemist to wallow around with their messy molecules while they resumed their search for new fundamental laws of nature."47... 

Such practices might or might not be sanctioned by custom. Their chief effect, however, is that they give the appearance of a law of nature to the p<0.05 and other such conventions. And what is more, they give the scientific enterprise a cloak of objectivity which is unecessary, unbecoming and, what is most important, potentially damaging to the societal role of science. 

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