Process Models Developed Using Other Observations

2 Process Models Developed Using Other Observations 

Remember 23.2 Impedance spectroscopy is not a standalone technique. Other observations are required to validate a given interpretation of the impedance spectra. 

---

The observed empirical models should now be employed to simulate and predict kinetic behaviors obtained with administration protocols other than that used for observation. Moreover, we must develop pharmacokinetics in a multicompartment system by including the presence of a fractal organ. We have argued that the liver, where most of the enzymatic processes of drug elimination take place, has a fractal structure. Hence, we expect transport processes as well as chemical reactions taking place in the liver to carry a signature of its fractality. 

In all of the multistep immobilized enzyme work done to date, theoretical or experimental, for modelling purposes or for applications, there exists one common factor the chemical reactions are affected by the diffusive processes so that the macroscopically observed kinetics are strongly perturbed by the incorporation of the enzymes into a gel. This perturbation is caused by the development of localized concentrations and concentration gradients within the gel which are quite different from that found in free solution. Only one instance appears to have been reported where exact modelling of real experimental data has been attempted. All other work has been either purely theoretical or qualitative interpretations of limited experimental data. There is still much to be learned of the role played by the gel matrix in affecting the overall kinetic performance of gel entrapped multienzyme systems before they can be well designed for applications or used with any confidence in a quantitative way as models for living systems. 

Two methods to predict the pressure drop threshold APthreshoid) to initiate bubble nucleation in polymer foaming processes are developed. One method uses the modified nucleation theory developed in our previous work, while the other utilizes computer simulations to model the growth profiles of the first observable bubbles in batch foaming experiments. Both approaches have shown good agreement in their AP,hreshoid predictions. Moreover, the effects of pressure drop rate, gas content, and temperature on APthreshoid Q demonstrated. 

---