Process controls high integrity protective systems

Heat Flux the rate of heat transfer per unit area normal to the direction of heat flow. It is the total heat transmitted by radiation, conduction, and convection HIPS an acronym for High Integrity Protective System. Is a set of components, such as sensors, logic solvers, and final control elements (e.g., valves), arranged for the purpose of reverting a process to a safe state when predetermined conditions are violated. Sometimes also referred to as HIPPS, High Integrity Pressure Protective System... 

This book has presented (in Part 1) a summary of some principal techniques for designing high-integrity instrumented systems to control and protect hazardous industrial plant, snch as oil and gas exploration and production facilities, hydrocarbon processing plants, and nnclear power stations. These design techniques and management processes have then been illustrated by examples where mistakes were made. 

Where loss of control could lead to severe consequences, the integrity of the basic process control system and the protective safeguards must be designed, operated and maintained to a high standard. Industry standards such as ANSI/ISA-S84.01 (1996) and IEC 61508 (2000) address the issues of how to design, operate and maintain safety instrumented systems such as high temperature interlocks to achieve the necessary level of functional safety. The scope of these standards includes hardware, software, human factors and management (HSE 2000). 

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