Process Controls and Risk Management Options

Identify Process Controls and Risk Management Options 

Various measures can be used to reduce the risks assessed using the methods of Section 4.5. These measures can be classified into four types Inherent, 

Hendershot (2002) gives additional inherently safer process considerations when dealing with intentional chemistry. 

Passive controls minimize the hazard by use of process and equipment design features. They reduce either the frequency or consequence of the hazard without the active functioning of any device. Examples include dikes, firewalls, orifice plates or narrow bore piping to control flow, and the 

Active controls use engineering controls, safety interlocks and emergency shutdown systems to detect process deviations and take appropriate corrective or remedial action. Their effectiveness depends on proper selection, installation, testing, and maintenance. 

Is it possible to eliminate hazardous raw materials, process intermediates or b) roducts by using alternative chemistry  

Have all in-process inventories of hazardous materials in storage tanks been minimized  

Has all processing equipment handling hazardous materials been designed to minimize inventory  

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Identify Process Controls and Risk Management Options Process Risk Management Process Hazard Analysis Operational Control... 

Flood risk management deals with the analysis and governance of the flood hazards, the flood vulnerability (the resilience of a particular group of risk receptors) and the resulting flood risk. It considers all natural and societal processes related with the flood issues of a coastal cell. Based on such a risk analysis, the tolerability of risk has to be assessed and risk reduction options to be defined. Decision-making, implementation, and control of actions are also parts of flood risk management. 

Before assessing the potential for landfill to be a sustainable waste management option, the following chapters will consider the pollution potential of landfill, and the associated risk, through examination of tte nature of landfill emissions, the means by which those emissions may reach sensitive receptors and the means for controlling these processes. 

Whether pre-treatment is effected by incineration, biological processing (such as composting), or by other means, the subsequent disposal to landfill will require careful management and control such that the risks to the environment are acceptable. The effort required for effective control will depend upon the waste stream and the pre-treatment process, and will be a significant factor (but one of many factors) in determining the most appropriate waste management option. 

This step evaluates the available options for managing risks identified in Step 3 and recommends a course of action. Options include engineering controls, protective equipment, risk communication, and product or process modification(s). This step is essentially a mitigation strategy, described in Section 5.2.2 of this chapter. 

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