Procedure creating simple

In this part we will demonstrate how to modify existing PSpice models and how to create new models. We will assume that the user is familiar with PSpice models and knows how he or she would like to modify the models. A discussion of the various models requires too much detail to be given here. The user is referred to the PSpice Reference Manual available from Oread Corporation for model details. This manual is contained on the CD-ROM that accompanies this text. You will probably need to review the many references that Oread gives to understand the model parameters. Here, we will show how to make changes to existing models or create simple new models. Section 7.E contains simplified models for some of the commonly used parts. The model parameters given are for firsttime users. For more accurate models, you will need to refer to more detailed texts covering SPICE models. If you are more familiar with the models, you can use these procedures to modify all parameters in a model. 

Another way in which many solids can be described is by thinking of atoms as hard spheres which can pack together as tightly as geometry will allow. This close-packing procedure creates holes which can be then filled by other atoms, and this principle can be used to explain many simple structures. 

While there are currently several fabrication approaches to produce microelectrode arrays, techniques such as photolithography or laser ablation have to date proved cost-prohibitive for the mass production of disposable microsensor strips for commercial applications. A novel, patented procedure created by the research group of Higson [191] at the Institute of Bioscience and Technology, Cranefield University at Silsoe, UK, allows the fabrication of densely populated (up to 2 x 10 microelectrode elements per unit area) microelectrode arrays for biosensor applications via a simple and inexpensive sonochemical ablation approach. In this technique, a thin (30-40 nm thick), insulating layer of poly-... 

According to detailed XRD analyses, the two catalyst preparation procedures under study formed solid solutions. The application of sol-gel method led to improved selectivity to olefins in the reaction of propane ODH, compared to the simple procedure of evaporation and decomposition. However, the propane conversion on the sol-gel catalysts was lower at the same experimental conditions, while the catalysts surface area was higher. Moreover, the sol-gel samples presented higher basicity as shown by C02 TPD. It could be explained by a better incorporation of Nd into the AEO lattice, creating cationic vacancies for attaining electroneutrality and thus rendering the nearby oxide anions coordinatively unsaturated and more basic. 

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