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Problems in the Petroleum and Chemical Industries

In accordance with these definitions, stress-corrosion cracking has been a familiar problem in the petroleum and chemical industries for decades. Consequently, measures seem to be rather well established and generally known for preventing stress-corrosion cracking or for keeping it in check. Where conditions are such that this type of hydrogen attack can be expected, appropriate supplemental requirements should be included in the specification. A vessel built only to code requirements could be rendered unserviceable in a matter of hours by stress-corrosion cracking. [Pg.111]

Corrosion Problems in the Petroleum and Chemical Industries 23 2.1.3 Ammonia Cracking... [Pg.24]

The following are common problems that may be faced in the petroleum and chemical industries pertaining to labeling ... [Pg.385]

J.P. Nelson. (2002). System Grounding and Ground-Fault Protection in the Petrochemical Industry A Need For a Better Understanding. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, pp. 1633 -1640, Vol. 38, No. 6, November-December, 2002 John P. Nelson et al. (2004). The Groimding of Marine Power Systems Problems and Solutions. Fifty-first Annual Technical Conference of the Petroleum and Chemical Industry Committee. San Francisco, California, USA. September 13-15, 2004 L. A. Kraft y G. T. Heydt. (1984). A Method to Analyze Voltage Resonance in Power Systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus an Systems, pp. 1033-1037, Vol. PAS-103, No. 5, May 1984... [Pg.208]

The petroleum and chemical industries contain a wide variety of corrosive environments many are unique to these industries. Thus it is convenient to group all these environments together. Corrosion problems occur in at least three general areas (1) production, (2) transportation and storage, and (3) operations. [Pg.2]

This chapter reviews some representative types of corrosion problems encountered in the various facets of the petroleum and chemical industries. The fundamental processes underlying these corrosion problems are examined. In addition, commonly used methods for corrosion prevention and control are discussed... [Pg.18]

In 1934, Hammerschmidt showed that gas hydrates are implicated in a natural gas pipeline blockage and since then hydrate control has been a major activity in the gas and oil industry with a substantial associated cost factor. The recent (2010) Deep Star Horizon oil well problems in the Gulf of Mexico again brought to the fore that gas hydrates often show up where they are not wanted. Gas hydrate control comes under the discipline of flow assurance in petroleum and chemical engineering. A comprehensive text in this area is the book by Sloan and Koh. ... [Pg.2343]

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