Direct printing techniques

Direct Printing. This is the simplest technique and accounts for the majority of printed fabrics. In this style the print paste is apphed directiy onto the fabric which can either be white or already dyed with a pale ground shade. Each color requires its own print paste and appHcation and each color is printed immediately after each other without intermediate drying. 

Arnold, C. B. Serra, R Pique, A. 2007. Laser direct-write techniques for printing of complex materials. MRS Bull. 32 23-32. 

In addition to the normal direct printing process disperse dyes can be applied by the so-called transfer printing technique, in which disperse dyes are first printed on paper and then transferred to the textile by sublimation. With suitable dyes discharge and resist printing are also possible. See also [139],... 

Within the broad category of "printed electronics", there are various technologies for manufacturing conductive components, of which inkjet is one of them. These printing techniques are compared to each other in Table 3. Inkjet is the most commercially suitable of these methods for apphcations where rapid customization is required and where the substrate is dehcate or otherwise sensitive to direct contact. 

In the mid-1930s when both photographic and printing techniques for photomicrographs were greatly improved, U.S. research was not directed toward microscopy, but rather to development of heavy production equipment and manufacturing facilities. At this same time, a completely new instrument—the transmission electron microscope—was introduced in Europe and went almost unnoticed in the United States. It took many years before this development gap was overcome. 

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