Priming proteins

Scheerlinck, J.P., Casey, G., McWaters, P., Kelly, J., Woollard, D., Lightowlers, M.W., Tennent, J.M. and Chaplin, P.J. (2001) The immune response to a DNA vaccine can be modulated by co-delivery of cytokine genes using a DNA prime-protein boost strategy. Vaccine 19, 4053-4060. 

Da Dara, A.A., Skelly, P.J., Walker, C.M. and Harn, D.A. (2003) A DNA-prime/protein-boost vaccination regimen enhances Th2 immune responses but not protection following Schistosoma mansoni infection. Parasite Immunology 25, 429 137. 

Rasmussen RA, Ong H, Kittel C, Ruprecht CR, Ferrantelh F, Hu SL, Polacino P, McKenna J, Moon J, Travis B, Ruprecht RM. DNA prime/protein boost immunization against HIV clade C safety and immunogenicity in mice. Vaccine 2006 24 2324-32. 

Replication of the poliovirus genome. The poliovirus replicase utilizes the VPg priming protein to initiate synthesis of (-)-strand RNA, which becomes the template... 

Experiments with fluorescent video-microscopy have also been used to focus on the adhesion of platelets to unaltered fibrinogen and albumin and to regions on these protein substrates where platelets have detached, platelet-primed protein. On fibrinogen, no difference was found at low shear rates at 944 s-l, it was shown that the adhesion efficiency was greater on the platelet-primed protein (29). On albumin, the platelet-primed protein was stickier at 80 s - i and 456 s -1 (30). 

Hallermalm K et al. Pre-clinical evaluation of a CEA DNA prime/protein boost vaccination strategy against colorectal cancer. Scand J Immunol 2007 66 43-51. 

Purther evidence that cellular mRNA is not degraded after infection came from experiments using cellular mRNA extracted from infected cells to prime protein synthesis in extracts. From mouse plasmacytoma tumor cells Lawrence and Thach (26) isolated a poly(A)-containing 10S RNA fraction which in extracts was translated into a protein found in plasmacytoma cells, as determined by co-electrophoresis and tryptic mapping. This messenger RNA, when isolated from infected cells, was less active in translation than when isolated from uninfected cells by about However, mRNA... 

Prime K L and Whitesides G M 1991 Self-assembled organio monolayers—model systems for studying adsorption of proteins at surfaoes Science 252 1164-7... 

Semolina is the coarsely ground endosperm of dumm wheat. High in protein, it is used by U.S. and ItaHan manufacturers for high quaHty pasta products such as macaroni and spaghetti. In Africa and Latin America it is also used for a dish called couscous. Dumm flour, a by-product in the production of semolina, is used to make commercial American noodles. Farina is the coarsely ground endosperm of hard wheats. It is the prime ingredient in many American breakfast cereals. It is also used by manufacturers for inexpensive pasta. 

RNA structures, compared to the helical motifs that dominate DNA, are quite diverse, assuming various loop conformations in addition to helical structures. This diversity allows RNA molecules to assume a wide variety of tertiary structures with many biological functions beyond the storage and propagation of the genetic code. Examples include transfer RNA, which is involved in the translation of mRNA into proteins, the RNA components of ribosomes, the translation machinery, and catalytic RNA molecules. In addition, it is now known that secondary and tertiary elements of mRNA can act to regulate the translation of its own primary sequence. Such diversity makes RNA a prime area for the study of structure-function relationships to which computational approaches can make a significant contribution. 

Steps 1-2 of Figure 29.5 Acyl Transfers The starting material for fatty-acid synthesis is the thioesteT acetyl CoA, the ultimate product of carbohydrate breakdown, as we ll see in Section 29.6. The synthetic pathway begins with several priming reactions, which transport acetyl CoA and convert it into more reactive species. The first priming reaction is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction that converts acetyl CoA into acetyl ACP (acyl carrier protein). The reaction is catalyzed by ACP transacyla.se. 

Cyclic nucleotides (cAMP and cGMP) are formed enzymatically from the corresponding triphosphates. As ubiquitous second messengers, they mediate many cellular functions which are initiated by first (extracellular) messengers. Their prime targets in eucaryotic cells are protein kinases ( cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase), ion channels and ensymes. 

For differentiation of G-protein-coupled receptor sub-types from subtypes permanently linked to ion channels (ligand-gated ion channels) the terms metabotropic versus ionotropic receptors, respectively, are used. Prime examples of metabotropic receptors are given by the lnGlu receptor family of G-protein-coupled glutamate receptors. 

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