Primers, putative

The translation of the sequence of the cDNA encoding deacetylvindoline 4-O-acetyltransferase compared to other putative plant acetyltransferases revealed a conserved region near the carboxy terminus of the proteins. This sequence was used to design a degenerate antisense oligodeoxynucleotide primer for PCR. The sense primer was based upon an internal peptide sequence of salutaridinol 7-0-acetyltransferase. This approach finally yielded a partial cDNA that encoded salutaridinol 7-O-acetyltransferase. The full-length clone was obtained by RACE-PCR and was functionally expressed in S. frugiperda Sf9 cells.28 The amino acid sequence of salutaridinol 7-O-acetyltransferase is most similar (37% identity) to that of deacetylvindoline acetyltransferase of C. roseus.27... 

Haugland, R. A., and Heckman, J. L. (1998). Identification of putative sequence specific PCR primers for detection of the toxigenic fungal species Stachybotrys chartarum. Mol. Cell. Probes 12, 387- 96. 

In Hevea, the MW of the polymer has a bimodal distribution with some polymers in the range of 106 Da and others 105 Da. Both the Hevea polymers and the C55-C120 oligomeric isoprenes appear to have well-controlled molecular weights [270]. In vitro studies reveal the size of the polymer is related to the relative concentrations of the putative primer (farnesyl pyrophosphate or geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate)... 

Stereoview of the polymerase active site of HIV-1 RT [38]. The amino acid residues that compose the putative dNTP-binding site, including the three catalytically essential aspartic acids, are shown with side chains. The double-stranded nucleic acid is shown with the atomic model in the HIV-1 RT/DNA/Fab complex. The dNTP-binding site consists of structural elements from both protein and nucleic acid. The precise composition, position, and conformation of the template-primer can affect the recognition of... 

A close-up view showing the relative locations of the commonly identified drug-resistance mutations for NRTIs (in dark-gray) and for NNRTIs (in light-gray) with respect to the bound DNA. Most of the NRTI-resistance mutations are not located at the putative dNTP-binding site, but are at positions to have potential interactions with the nucleic acid template-primer. Conversely, all the NNRTI-re si stance mutations are clustered around the NNIBP and have direct contacts with NNRTIs or have direct effect on... 

DNA sequences can be obtained readily from databases such as Genbank or EMBL. In addition, a restriction map and also a suggestion for the design of primers can be obtained to help in cloning a gene into a desired target plasmid or host (see Chapter 4). Comparison between putative and actual sequences yields valuable information about possible mutations. 

Our aim is to inform research and practice on environmental-biomonitoring communication, not to provide a primer on risk communication in general (a few, widely varied, examples of primers include ATSDR 2001 Hance et al. 1988 NRC 1989 Pflugh et al. 1994 Stern and Fineberg 1996). However, a brief background can both inform potential communicators who are new to this topic and put biomonitoring-relevant discussions into context. The extensive practical literature on risk communication can be drawn on for more detailed instruction as needed. 

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