Environmental biomonitoring

Schober, S. 2005. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) Environmental Biomonitoring Measures, Interpretation of Results. Presented at the Second Meeting on Human Biomonitoring for Environmental Toxicants, April 28, 2005, Washington, DC. 

Communication is essential for proper interpretation and use of biomonitoring data. Earlier in this report, we emphasized the intricate and mutual involvement of analysis, management, and communication of environmental biomonitoring (Chapter 1) the contentious social and political context with diverse constituencies for biomonitoring information and the need to incorporate communication-evaluation planning, consideration of... 

Our aim is to inform research and practice on environmental-biomonitoring communication, not to provide a primer on risk communication in general (a few, widely varied, examples of primers include ATSDR 2001 Hance et al. 1988 NRC 1989 Pflugh et al. 1994 Stern and Fineberg 1996). However, a brief background can both inform potential communicators who are new to this topic and put biomonitoring-relevant discussions into context. The extensive practical literature on risk communication can be drawn on for more detailed instruction as needed. 

Research on the subject has encountered some inconsistencies, giving rise to a few questions that may cripple their usefulness as an environmental biomonitoring tool. In polluted environments, animals are generally exposed to a mixture of different metals, and it is generally impossible to attribute MT induction to one element or another. On the other hand, several papers have reported... 

R. Atlas, In J.M. Lynch and A. Wiseman (Eds.), Environmental Biomonitoring The Biotechnology Ecotoxicology Interface. Cambridge University Press, New York, 1998, pp. 147. 

In general, the chemical composition of plants closely reflects the chemical properties of whole environments, soils, waters, and air. Using plant chemical status for geochemical prospecting is very old practice (Kabata-Pendias and Pendias 2001), but recently it has been used broadly for the bioindication of contaminated sites and for the environmental biomonitoring (see Part I, Chapter 12). 

Level B (which is discussed in Markert et al. 2003a, and in Wiinschmann et al. 2001, 2002), represents a strongly integrated approach with environmental and health indicators to fill the gap between environmental biomonitoring and human health aspects. 

Figueieedo AMG, Saiki M, Ticianelli RB, Domingos M, Alves ES and Maekeet B (2001) Determination of trace elements in Tillandsia usneoides by neutron activation analysis for environmental biomonitoring. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 249 391-395. 

Marked, B., Oehlmann, J., Roth, M 1997b. General aspects of heavy metal monitoring by plants and animals. In Subramanian, K.S., Iyengar, G.V. (Eds.), Environmental Biomonitoring - Exposure Assessment and Specimen Banking. ACS Symp Ser 654, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp. 18-29. 

Krebs JR (1998) Our environmental future the role of science. In Lynch JM, Wiseman A (eds) Environmental biomonitoring the technology ecotoxicology interface. Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge, p 7... 

Urine The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have included urinary levels of A-tert-GP in their environmental biomonitoring program as a part of the 2006-2006, 2007-2008, and 2009-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (CDC 2013b). Urinary levels of 4-tert-OP were below the LOD for the 50th, 75th, and most of the 90th percentile in NHANES... 

Emons H (2002) Artefacts and facts about metal(loid)s and their species from analytical procedures in environmental biomonitoring. Trends Anal Chem 21 401-411... 

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