Primaxin

Primary intermediates Primary nucleation Primary ozomdes Primary plasticizer Primary recycling Primary structure Primary tastes Primatene Mist Primaxin Prime+... 

The superiority of extractive hydrolysis over acid hydrolysis with respect to its productivity, yield, raw materials, and waste streams, for the transformation of drug intermediates (e.g. for Primaxin) in formate ester form to the corresponding alcohol, has been effectively demonstrated by King et al. (1985). They carried out the hydrolysis of the relevant formate ester with simultaneous extraction of the desired product from the undesired impurities by two-phase reaction/extraction with a base. 

There are two additional important variations on the theme of p-lactam antibiotics. These are the carbapenems, of which imipenem (Primaxin) is the outstanding example, and the monobactams, of which aztreonam (Azactam) is the outstanding example (see figure 23.2). 

Imipenem (Primaxin) Indapamide (Lozol) Indinavir (Crixivan)... 

Parenteral 1 g powder to reconstitute for IV (0.9% diluent) or IM (1% lidocaine diluent) injection Imipenem/cilastatin (Primaxin)... 

Dohme-Chi bret)-comb. comb. USA Primaxin (Merck 1985)... 

In humans, imipenem was foimd to be metabolized by an enzyme in the kidney, renal dehydropeptidase-I, which acts as a P-lactamase. Since the enzyme appears to serve no essential role in human metabolism, scientists were able to develop a synthetic competitive inhibitor, cilastatin, which they then used with imipenem to produce the combination drug, primaxin (Tienam). Primaxin was introduced into medical practice in 1985. 

Imipenem (t/ 1 h) is inactivated by metabolism in the kidney to products that are potentially toxic to renal tubules combining imipenem with cilastatin (as Primaxin), a specific inhibitor of... 

Primaxin cilastatin imipenem. primidolol [ban, inn, usan] is a -adrenoceptor antagonist with antihypertensive, antiarrhythmic and antianginal properties, primidone [ban, inn, usan] (Mysoline ) is a pyrimidinedione closely related to the barbiturates, and its actions are similar to phenobarbitone. It is an anticonvulsant that can be used in oral antiepileptic treatment of all forms of epilepsy (except absence seizures) and of essential tremor. 

Trade names Primaxin (Merck) Tenacid Tienam Tienam 500 Zienam... 

Extensive carbapenem and penem antibiotic research has been ongoing since thienamycin was discovered in 1978. However, only the imipenem-cilastatin combination has become a commercial product. Launched in 1985 in the United States as a broad-spectrum hospital product under the name Primaxin, this product had woddwide sales of some 300 million in 1988. Sales were predicted to rise to 345 million for the year ending 1989 (154). 

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