Primary green oxidation

Yamaguchi K, Kobayashi H, Wang Y, Oishi T, Ogasawara Y, Mizuno N (2013) Green oxidative synthesis of primary amides from primary alcohols or aldehydes eatalyzed by a... 

White Phosphorus Oxidation. Emission of green light from the oxidation of elemental white phosphoms in moist air is one of the oldest recorded examples of chemiluminescence. Although the chemiluminescence is normally observed from sotid phosphoms, the reaction actually occurs primarily just above the surface with gas-phase phosphoms vapor. The reaction mechanism is not known, but careful spectral analyses of the reaction with water and deuterium oxide vapors indicate that the primary emitting species in the visible spectmm are excited states of (PO)2 and HPO or DPO. Ultraviolet emission from excited PO is also detected (196). 

Dyes for Color Filters. Colorhquid crystal display systems consist of LSI drivers, glass plates, polarizers, electrodes (indium—tin oxide), and microcolor filters. The iadependent microcolor filter containing dyes is placed on each Hquid crystal pixel addressed electrically and acts as an iadividual light switch. All colors can be expressed by the light transmitted through each filter layer of the three primary colors, ie, red, green, and blue (Fig. 12). 

Primary clay is also known as residual clay, indicating that they are either the in situ residue of one type of weathered rock or the transported residue of many types of rocks most primary clay deposits occur, however, in situ, at the location where the clay particles were formed. The clay is usually quite pure and colorless or white, but very small relative amounts of minerals mixed with the clay, such as quartz and/or iron oxides, may impart to it a yellow, brown, or green color. Primary clay is also characterized by the extreme fineness of its particles, which usually measure below 2 micrometers (0.002 mm) in diameter. The more than 20 different types of primary clay minerals can be distinguished by their chemical composition, which varies widely, and by their physical properties. Primary clays that have been used for making ceramic objects are listed in Table 55. 

The system (4- Bu-pyH)3[Ru(0)3Cl ]/NM0/PMS/CH2Cl3 catalysed the oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes and of secondary alcohols to ketones like TRAP (Tables 2.1 and 2.2), such oxidations did not attack double bonds. As stoich. trans-(PPh )2[Ru(0)2Cl ] -/CH3CN it is a two electron oxidant for alcohols [561]. For tran -[Ru(0)2Cy - in solution the effective oxidant or oxidant precursor is [Ru(0)2Cl3]", and this species is coordinatively unsaturated. That this is the case is suggested by the observation that addition of extra Cl" (as (PPh )Cl) to the green [Ru(0)2Cl3]" in solution (Eq. 1.4) generating the red franx-[Ru(0)3Cl ] ", a markedly less effective catalytic oxidant for alcohols than [Ru(0) Cl ]" [561]. 

The PCC oxidation of 3-amino-4,5-diphenyl-2(3//)-oxazolone 96 affords mono-diazobenzyl 286 as the primary decomposition product obtained via loss of carbon monoxide from the postulated A -nitrenolactam 285. Oxidation of 96 with tert-BuOCl/NEt3 at 108 °C results in a deep green solution of 285, which reacts with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to give the sulfoximide 288 (Fig. 5.68). ... 

Similarly, a water-soluble palladium complex of a sulfonated phenanthroline ligand catalyzed the highly selective aerobic oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols in an aqueous biphasic system in the absence of any organic solvent (Figure 1.8) [40]. The liquid product could be recovered by simple phase separation, and the aqueous phase, containing the catalyst, used with a fresh batch of alcohol substrate, affording a truly green method for the oxidation of alcohols. 

Oxidation-Reduction in Blood Analysis Demonstrating the Reaction in a Breathalyzer," J. Chem. Educ., Vol. 67,1990, 263. The oxidation of a primary alcohol by the orange dichromate ion is shown to first form an aldehyde, then a carboxylic acid, and green chromium(III) ion. The use of this reaction, principles of spectrometry, and gas laws in a commercial device for measuring blood-alcohol content are discussed. 

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