Primary circuit

A separate works have been carried out in order to develop AUGUR 4 2 procedure for expert ISI of primary circuit piping welds. 

Computer system of defect assessments as applied to primary circuit piping is developed as the tool of expert ISI strength supporting. Results of defect assessments are governed by adequate data on stress distributions and defect geometry. 

Arzhaev A.I., Bougaenko S.E., Smirnov Yu.I., Aladinsky V V, Makhanev V.O., Saburov Yu. Residual stress modelling and analysis for INPP primary circuit pipeline welds. Transactions of the 14th Int. Conf. on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology (SMiRT 14), Lyon, 1997, Vol. 1, Div, B, pp. 345-352. 

Fig. 2. Images of the flaws detected by Augur 4.2 in the primary circuit welds...

The term channel induction furnace is appHed to those in which the energy for the process is produced in a channel of molten metal that forms the secondary circuit of an iron core transformer. The primary circuit consists of a copper cod which also encircles the core. This arrangement is quite similar to that used in a utdity transformer. Metal is heated within the loop by the passage of electric current and circulates to the hearth above to overcome the thermal losses of the furnace and provide power to melt additional metal as it is added. Figure 9 illustrates the simplest configuration of a single-channel induction melting furnace. Multiple inductors are also used for appHcations where additional power is required or increased rehabdity is necessary for continuous operation (11). 

S. M. Ah, "An Updated Version of Computer Code CORA II for Estimation of Corrosion Product Mass and Activity Migration ia PWR Primary Circuits and Related Experimental Loops," Eourth International Conference on Water Chemistry of Nuclear Systems, Bournemouth, U.K., Oct. 1986, pp. 107-109. 

Fig. 8. The activation of cobalt-containing corrosion products in a PWR primary circuit. See text. Courtesy of the Electric Power Research Institute.

Secondary circuit reactance referred to the primary side Z, - Primary circuit impedance... 

When an HT-VT develops an inter-turn fault on the HV side, there is no appreciable rise in the primary circuit current and w hich may not be delected. But, it... 

Secondary terminal voltage for bar primary e, = 62 f i - Primary circuit resistance... 

Primkr-akt, m. primary act, -element, n. Elec.) primary cell, -fleck, m. primary spot, -gefiige, n, primary structure or texture, -kreis, m. primary circuit, -linie, /. primary... 

PWR steam generators (SGs) are essentially complex shell and tube heat exchangers composed of a variety of corrosion-resisting alloys. The closed loop primary circuit is on the tube side and the steam generating, working fluid or secondary circuit is on the shell side. 

The spread of primary circuit radionuclides to the secondary circuit... 

Variable inductance (Cj) is adjusted duly to maintain a current of 1 to 5 A in the primary circuit,... 

It is, however, clear that electrodeposition of 60q0 on ioad (as well as during decontamination) is unlikely under strongly reducing conditions such as those which are nominally maintained in PWR primary circuits. 

Anolyte steady-state TOC 3,000 mg/L in agent and energetics, main or primary circuit, 3,000 to <1 ppm in agent polishing or secondary circuit, 3,000 to <10 ppm in energetics polishing or secondary circuit... 

The primary circuit is closed and filled with a special cooling fluid which, driven by a high-capacity pump, cools the magnet and the Power Mosfet banks. The cooling fluid is a commercially available product (Galden ) whose physical characteristics had been optimized for cooling electric devices wherever it is not possible to use water. It is chemically almost inert, absolutely non-toxic, and electrically non-conductive. 

Radioactive decay contributed to further heat buildup. This caused water in the primary circuit to boil. The pilot-operated relief valve on the... 

After a few years of operation there was a significant increase in radiation fields from the primary circuit piping in the Douglas Point generating station. Other water-cooled reactors around the world experienced similar effects. The principal source of the radioactivity was traced to cobalt-60, formed by neutron absorption in the natural cobalt-59 which arose from hard-facing alloys and was also present as an impurity in boiler materials such as HMDnel, and in carbon steel and other structural materials. The mechanism of this radioactivity transport was found to be corrosion of the cobalt bearing materials, transport... 

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