Primary alcohols esters

Fungal cutinase catalyzes hydrolysis of model substrates and in particular p-nitrophenyl esters of short chain fatty acids, providing a convenient spectro-photometric assay for this enzyme activity [101,102,116]. Hydrolysis of model esters by this cutinase showed the high degree of preference of this enzyme for primary alcohol ester hydrolysis. Wax esters and methyl esters of fatty acids were hydrolyzed at low rates. Alkane-2-ol esters were hydrolyzed much more slowly than wax esters and esters of mid-chain secondary alcohols were not... 

Thus in a mixture of a tertiary ester with a secondary or primary alcohol, esters of these alcohols can be produced. Immediately they have been formed, the esters can undergo further chemical combination, as indicated in eqns. (57) and (58). The original ester can be transformed in the manner indicated by eqn. (58) if it possesses a hydrogen atom attached to the a-carbon atom. In any other case alcohol formed as the reaction proceeds cannot be oxidized. 

Acids Primary Alcohols Esters Primary Alcohols... 

Scheme 6.3 PCL preferentially catalyses the hydrolysis/ acylation of only one of the depicted enantiomers of the chiral primary alcohol (ester). The selectivity is low if oxygen is bound to the chiral carbon. L largest substituent,...

Cutinases are hydrolytic serine esterases that degrade cntin, a polyester of hydroxy and epoxy fatty acids (Purdy and Kolattukudy, 1975) and specific for primary alcohol esters (Murphy et al., 1996). The fatty acids of cutin are usually n-C16 and -C18 oxygenated hydroxyacids (containing one to three hydroxyl gronps). Cntins are lipid-based polymers of plants and ester bonds dominate in the cutins. Therefore, cntinases... 

Plant waxes are usually found on leaves or seeds. Thus, cabbage leaf wax consists of the primary alcohols C12 and Cis—C28 esterified with palmitic acid and other acids. The dominant components are stearyl and ceryl alcohol (C26H53OH). In addition to primary alcohols, esters of secondary alcohols, for example, esters of nonacosane-15-ol, are present ... 

The alkylations of arenes by alcohols, ethers and esters, as well as with epoxides and lactones, are of considerable interest, and constitute a significant part of the field of Friedel-Crafts alkylations. Some of the earliest examples are the alkylations of arenes with primary alcohols, esters and ethers. < Subsequent work over the years has revealed that these alkylations are often accompanied by various side... 

They found that the fatty acids in the 1 or 3 position, that is, the primary alcohol ester groups, were readily split, and that oleic acid in the 1 position was hydrolyzed at a slightly faster rate than palmitic acid in the 1 position. However, the more rapid splitting of oleic acid was regarded as a rather special case, and they concluded that as a general rule the existence of one or two double bonds in the fatty acid did not affect the rate of hydrolysis. 

Milk lipase is likewise specific for the hydrolysis of primary alcohol esters (253), but Ricinus lipase 144) and lipoprotein lipase (254) do not exert this specificity. Lipases of the oil palm and Aspergillus can hydrolyze monoglycerides more readily than does pancreatic lipase 147). 

In the mixture of secondary alcohol or primary alcohol with tertiary esters, the products of secondary alcohol esters or primary alcohol esters would be further chemically combined immediately. A hydrogen atom in the raw esters would react with a-carbon atom to form alcohols, which would not be oxidized. Transesterification reaction would happen for tert-butyl nitrite because of the instability of NO. 

Use of the CrOa-pyridine reagent seems to circumvent a side reaction leading to esters that can be a competing process in the oxidation of primary alcohols. Esters are formed when aldehyde and unreacted alcohol form a hemiacetal. The mechanism... 

Studies of hydrolytic stabihty of polymeric plasticizers, such as poly(propylene adipate) and poly(butylene adipate) were conducted in simulated body fluids such as saliva, gastric and intestinal fluids. It was found that no hydrolysis occurred under saliva and gastric conditions but plasticizers were hydrolyzed to a large extent in simulated intestinal fluid. Enzymes selectively catalyzed the primary alcohol ester linkage. It is expected that other polymeric ester plasticizers will behave in a similar manner. ... 

Potassium decanoate, 359 Potassium permanganate, 274 Potassium soaps, 328,359,361 Potato lipoxygenase, 458 Poultry adipose tissue, 556 Pre-pressing, 186 Premier jus, 98,124 see also Beef tallow Primary alcohol esters, 143 Primary alcohols, 146 Prins reaction, 476 Pristane, occurrence, 138,148 Pristanic acid, 16 Process control, 217 Procetofen, 540 Production control, 217 Production of oils and fats fish oils, 130 butter, 219... 

The nickel-catalyzed synthesis of Z-allylic alcohols in a two-step, one-pot reaction from conjugated dienes has been reported (Scheme 2.3) [4]. The key with this chemistry was the initial hydroboration of the 1,3-diene promoted by common nickel catalysts. Once the intermediate allylboronate was formed, treatment with NaOH/H Oj provided the alcohols. This chemistry was an attractive route to allylic alcohols as a range of functional groups including preexisting primary alcohols, esters, ethers, and phthalimides were well tolerated. 

They usually have a primary alcohol, ester, aldehyde or acetate at one end of the chain ... 

When an oxygen or nitrogen functional group is on the terminal carbon atom (aldehyde, primary alcohol, ester, ether, amine, amide, or carboxylic acid), the next lower ho-mologue of the parent hydrocarbon is obtained, although the parent compound may be produced concurrently ... 

The products obtained from the alkylation of 7V-acyl oxazolidinones can be directly converted into several different compound classes, such as primary alcohols, esters, and carboxylic acids, as shown in Scheme 7.31. In each case, the auxiliary may be recovered intact. Generally, these transformations occur cleanly and with, at most, only minor epimerization at the newly formed stereogenic center. 

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