Pressure trapping, injection

A solid state Si(Li) detector is used to maximise the flux of helium-like vanadium transitions, to minimise contamination from undesirable charge states and to monitor dielectronic recombination transitions. A small amount of pure nitrogen gas is leaked into the trap (injection pressure 5x 10 7Torr) to increase the proportion of lower charge states via evaporative cooling. 

In summary, the advantages of low-pressure IMS are that ion trap injection can replace ion gates to improve sensitivity, and ion-focusing devices such as the ion funnel can be employed at low pressure to offset ion diffusion. Due to the complexity and size of the instrument, however, no commercially available low-pressure IMSs with static homogeneous electric fields are interfaced to MSs. Nevertheless, their performance in research laboratories has clearly demonstrated many advantages of coupling IMS to MS. 

Miscible fluid displacement is a process in which a fluid, which is miscible with oil at reservoir temperature and pressure conditions, is injected into a reservoir to displace oil. The miscible fluid (an oil-soluble gas or liquid) allows trapped oil to dissolve in it, and the oil is therefore mobilised. 

Screw compressors are rotary positive displacement machines. Two helical rotors are rotated by a senes of timing gears as shown in Figure 10-8 so that gas trapped in the space between them is transported from the suction to the discharge piping. In low-pressure air service, non-lubri-cated screw compressors can deliver a clean, oil-free air. In hydrocarbon service most screw compressors require that liquid be injected to help provide a seal. After-coolers and separators are required to separate the seal oil and recirculate it to suction. 

At Point 2, the air intake is closed, but compression does not begin until the exhaust port is covered also. Shortly after the exhaust port is closed and compression of the trapped air begins, fuel is injected at Point 3 into the cylinder through a high pressure fuel valve. At Point 4, just prior to completion of the compression stroke, a spark ignites the fucl/ iir mixture and the pressure rises rapidly through the remainder of the compression stroke and the beginning of the power stroke. 

Both NaCI and CaCb-rich brines are thought to have circulated at the base of the sandstones at minimal P-T conditions of 150 20°C and 1250 250 bars. The low-saiinity fluid is slightly warmer and is thought to have circulated at depth before being injected at the base of the sandstones. The two brines and the low-salinity fluid were mixed and trapped at the favour of pressure decrease from lithostatic to hydrostatic regime at the time of U deposition. 

CS055 Smith, R. N. High-pressure liquid chromatography after injection of solid plant material and cold trapping. J Chromatogr 1975 115 101. 

The process of fuel injection first involves movement of fuel from the fuel tank by the fuel delivery pump. This low-pressure pump supplies fuel into the fuel delivery port of each plunger and barrel assembly. As the plunger moves past and clears the fuel delivery port, fuel flows into the barrel filling the chamber above the top of the plunger. Continuous rotation of the camshaft then forces the plunger in the opposite direction, closing off the flow of fuel into the barrel and trapping fuel within the barrel chamber. 

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