Prescription process

Furthermore, it has been estimated that traditional prescription processing utilizes only about 10% of the technological potential that computers... 

Additionally, make sure your team has the same definition in mind. For example, what do you think of when you hear the word prescription Do you picture a bottle of medication or a piece of paper Both have very different features and functionality, and different end users. If you were part of a team charged with designing a better prescription process, you would certainly want everyone to have the same definition. 

Discussion. Computerized systems have become important tools in today s pharmacy settings. Computers have made prescription processing faster, easier, and more efficient. Computers have also provided for patient information to be readily available. However, as reliance on computers systems grows, care should be taken not to become totally dependent on these systems as the sole check in preventing medication errors. 

The more the public relied on these nostrums, the more dependent on their contents they became. While various states attempted to control the dispensing of narcotics by physicians through the prescription process, the restraints on the patent-drag industry were minimal. Restrictions on the medical profession were similarly lax and doctors could evade them in different ways. 

Decreased average total cost/admission by 1293 decreased average pharmacy cost/admission by 155 for decentralized Cost avoided of 3.47/prescription processed... 

Another important area of concern with prescription medications is the possibility of a medication error occurring. With the entire prescription process there is room for error of all types (Zellmer, 1993). Errors can... 

Diazepam, better known as Valium, is a central nervous system (CNS) sedative/ hypnotic. As a sedative, it diminishes activity and excitement and thereby has a calming effect. Back in 1976, based on the number of new and refilled prescriptions processed, diazepam was the most prescribed drug in the United States. 

As discussed in [10], whenever prescriptive processes mandated by the standards exhibit evident similarities they can be treated as a safety-oriented process line. This fosters reuse of process elements thanks to the systematic engineering of commonahties and variabilities between processes. To identify commonalities and variabihties between tool quahfication processes, the guidelines provided in [10] are followed. Thus, for each standard and for each phase, the following actions are taken ... 

Reinforce the new behaviors through formal and informal means — Provide formal metrics, incentives and guidance that encourage people to practice the new behaviors over and over again until they experience their value. Support informal networks that allow those closest to a safety issue to assess it and take action to dissolve it without an overly prescriptive process from a central office. 

The term chiral recognition refers to a process m which some chiral receptor or reagent interacts selectively with one of the enantiomers of a chiral molecule Very high levels of chiral recognition are common m biological processes (—) Nicotine for exam pie IS much more toxic than (+) nicotine and (+) adrenaline is more active than (—) adrenaline m constricting blood vessels (—) Thyroxine an ammo acid of the thyroid gland that speeds up metabolism is one of the most widely used of all prescription... 

In the United States, through the NDA review process, pharmaceutical companies that seek FDA approval for new dmg products are assessed user fees by FDA to gain faster approval, by virtue of the U.S. Prescription Dmg User Fee Act of 1992. These assessments are used to increase the new dmg review staff of the FDA, which has agreed to reduce the NDA review time to 12 months by 1997 (6). 

In contrast to prescription dmgs, OTC dmgs and cosmetics are not subject to preclearance in the United States. However, the rules covering OTC dmgs preclude introduction of untested dmgs or new combinations. A "new chemical entity" that appears suitable for OTC dmg use requires work-up via the new dmg appHcation (NDA) process. In contrast, the use of ingredients in cosmetics is essentially unrestricted and may include less well known substances. 

The use of any of the above techniques demands knowledge, experience, and flexibility. No prescriptive set of questions or key words or list is sufficient to cover all processes, hazards, and all impacted populations. As a research chemist reviews a chemistry and its potential application, there are advantages to maintaining an open mind when applying the various techniques designed to open up avenues of thought. The reader is referred to Chapter 7 for additional information and direction on the choice of process hazard review techniques. 

First we start with a general prescription of the process. The aim, for example, is to make 1,000 tonnes of L-phenylalanine a year (1 million kg per annum). 

The Prescription Drug User Fee Act allows the FDA to charge fees in order to hire more staff to speed up the review process and thus deliver faster approval decisions. 

Fluidized bed dryers work best on particles of a few tenths of a mm dia, but up to 4 mm dia have been processed. Gas velocities of twice the minimum fluidization velocity are a safe prescription. In continuous operation, drying times of 1-2 min are enough, but batch drying of some pharmaceutical products employs drying times of 2-3 hr. 

The costs of an intervention have to be compared with the results of this intervention (Drummond et al. 2004). These results can be outputs, outcomes, and impacts (Fig. 2). An output is the direct result of a production process. Agents of production (resources) are transformed to generate a certain commodity or service (output). For instance, equipment, reagents, and the knowledge of a laboratory technician are used to perform a certain resistance test. Other examples of outputs are contacts, admissions, or prescriptions. 

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