Prefixes with chemical names

Compounds which are considered to be unusually hazardous in a fire context because of their low flash points (below 25°C) or auto-ignition temperatures (below 225°C) are included in the table. The names used are those titles in the text of Section 1 which are prefixed with a dagger. Synonyms may be found either in Section 1 or in the alphabetical index of chemical names and synonyms in Appendix 4. Boiling points are given for those compounds boiling below 50°C. 

To name a straight-chain alkane, simply match the appropriate chemical prefix with the suffix -ane. The prefixes, which relate to the number of Ccirbons in the continuous chain, are listed in Table 64. 

Use italic type for positional, stereochemical, configurational, and descriptive structural prefixes when they appear with the chemical name or formula. Use a hyphen to separate them from the chemical name. Accepted prefixes include the following ... 

In chemical names, use (R) and (S), with designated locants when applicable, as prefixes to designate absolute configuration. 

It integrates name to stracture parsing using OPSIN [86] and ChEBI (Chemical Entities of Biological Interest) identifiers [87]. OPSIN converts an lUPAC name to SMILES or INChl to stmcture. OSCAR performs all the important tasks such as identifying chemical names, reaction name, and small compound and enzyme prefix, suffix, and adjectives. It comes with an extensive API for developing extensions with other tools such as Tavema [88] Mendeley [89] and U-Compare [90]. 

The Naming of Chiral Drugs. The nomenclature of chiral compounds is difficult and sometimes confusing. We have already introduced the prefixes R and S, (- -) and (—), and D and L. We have already seen many common names for drugs that have an implied chirality, as in methamphet-amine and ephedrine. The hyphenated prefixes R/S, D/L, and + / — render the alphabetic indexing of pharmaceutics problematic. One approach to this problem that has been used to help with this issue is to select drug names where the chirality has been imbedded into the common chemical name. One example that we have discussed is esomeprazole,... 

Various methods have been employed to overcome this difficulty. For example, a method used by Chemical Abstracts involves naming the dihydro derivative of the heterocyclic ketone (or imine or exocyclic alkene) form, and adding the words mesoionic didehydro derivative (example 131). A similar approach, favoured by Ollis (76AHQ19)1), involves naming the corresponding cation hydroxide, with the prefix anhydro (indicating removal of the elements of water) (example 132). 

For this reason dual terminology is in use for the aza analogs. The first, derived from the principal pyrimidine and purine derivatives by means of the prefix aza- is used almost exclusively in biochemical papers in organic chemistry is it used together with the systematic names) wherever it is desired to compare the properties of the natural bases and of their aza analogs. The systematic terminology is naturally used in the older literature where no biochemical aspects of the compounds were considered, and in some newer work of strictly chemical nature. Since the numbering of the substituents is in some cases different for the different systems, we shall discuss this in more detail later. ... 

Nonsystematic names for organic compounds may still be found in the chemical literature and chemical supply catalogs, and so it is important to be somewhat familiar with these as well as with the IUPAC rules. Give the systematic name for (a) isobutane and (b) isopentane, (c) Formulate a rule for the usage of the prefix iso- and predict the structure of isohexane. Structures for these compounds can be found on the Web site for this book. 

Cross references to related group or sub-group entries are also included, with a group list of the names and serial (not page) numbers of the chemicals appearing in Volume 1 which lie within the structural or functional scope of the group entry title. Compounds which are closely similar to, but not in strict conformity with, the group definition are indicated by a prefixed asterisk. 

The name of a carbon compound shows how many carbon atoms it contains, the type(s) of chemical bonds present between the carbon atoms, and the other atoms bonded to the carbon chain. The word methane, for example, shows that the compound has one carbon atom with only single bonds. All carbon compounds with one carbon atom begin with the prefix meth. In this case, the -ane ending shows that the compound contains only single bonds. All carbon compound names follow these rules. 

---