Preference threshold

The third parameter refers to the preference threshold (Pk). If the difference between two values for a given criterion exceeds this threshold, a preference is given to the better criterion. If the objective is to maximize a particular criterion, then the better solution is that with the larger value for that criterion, and vice versa. 

Between the indifference and preference thresholds, it varies linearly from 1 to 0. For a difference larger than the preference threshold, the concordance index is set to 0. 

Preference threshold Indifference threshold Substrate concentration, g.L ... 

Preference threshold. This is the maximum concentration at which a compound may be present without giving rise to a negative judgment. 

The perception threshold of an odoriferous compound is conventionally considered to be the minimum concentration at which its presence in a model dilute alcohol solution is detectable by 50% of trained tasters. The recognition threshold of an odoriferous compound corresponds to its perception threshold in wine. The preference threshold of a compound is the concentration above which the overall aroma of a wine is affected. In the case of vinyl- and ethyl-phenols, the preference thresholds have been estimated at 720 p.g/1 for a 1/1 mixture of vinyl-4-phenol and vinyl-4-guaiacol in white wines and 420 fig/l for a 10/1 mixture of ethyl-4-phenol and ethyl-4-guaiacol in red wines. These values are relatively close to the recognition thresholds (in wine) for the same mixtures of vinyl- and ethyl-phenols. 

Taste and Odor. The measurement of taste and odor is somewhat subjective and depends on the personal judgements of individuals. Panels of not less than five observers, and preferably more than ten, are used. The sample is diluted with odor-free water until a ratio at which the odor is just perceptible is determined this ratio is called the threshold odor number (TON). A similar method is used to detect a distinct taste in water (see Flavor characterization). ... 

Threshold Limit Values or Occupational Exposure Limits (preferably with reference to their interpretation, i.e. not as safe levels). 

The main objective of air quality guidelines and standards is the protection of human health. Since fme particulates (PM,) are more likely to cause adverse health effects than coarse particulates, guidelines and standards referring to fine particulate concentrations are preferred to those referring to TSP, which includes coarse particulate concentrations. Scientific studies provide ample evidence of the relationship between exposure to short-term and long-term ambient particulate concentrations and human mortality and morbidity effects. However, the dose-response mechanism is not yet fully understood. Furthermore, according to the WHO, there is no safe threshold level below which health damage does not occur. 

The maximum values of the percolation threshold are characteristic of matrix systems in which the filler does not form the chain-like structures till large concentrations are obtained. In practice, statistical or structurized systems are apparently preferable because they become conductive at considerably smaller concentrations of the filler. The deviation of the percolation threshold from the values of Cp to either side for a statistical system ( 0.15) can be used to judge the nature of filler distribution. 

Algorithm 1 requires the a priori selection of a threshold, s, on the empirical risk, /en,p( X which will indicate whether the model needs adaptation to retain its accuracy, with respect to the data, at a minimum acceptable level. At the same time, this threshold will serve as a termination criterion for the adaptation of the approximating function. When (and if) a model is reached so that the generalization error is smaller than e, learning will have concluded. For that reason, and since, as shown earlier, some error is unavoidable, the selection of the threshold should reflect our preference on how close and in what sense we would like the model to be with respect to the real function. 

A common problem for both methods lies in the use of potentials that do not possess the correct net attractiveness. This can have the consequence that continuum feamres appear shifted in energy. In particular, there is evidence that the LB94 exchange-correlation potential currently used for the B-spline calculations, although possessing the correct asymptotic behavior for ion plus electron, is too attractive, and near threshold features can then disappear below the ionization threshold. An empirical correction can be made, offsetting the energy scale, but this can mean that dynamics within a few electronvolts of threshold get an inadequate description or are lost. There is limited scope to tune the Xa potential, principally by adjustment of the assumed a parameter, but for the B-spline method a preferable alternative for the future may well be use of the SAOP functional that also has correct asymptotic behavior, but appears to be better calibrated for such problems [79]. 

Food colorants play an important role in quality perception. Color is often the first notable characteristic of a food and it influences the expectations of consumers buying the product and also influences food handlers who make quality-related decisions, for example, during visual inspections." More specifically, color predetermines our expectations and perceptions of flavor and taste. " Color is interrelated with flavor intensity (detection threshold), with sweetness and salinity sensations, and also with our susceptibilities to and preferences for products. For example, consumers perceived a strongly red-colored strawberry-flavored drink to be sweeter than a less colored version, and yellow was associated with lemon and pink with grapefruit, but by reversing the colors, flavor perception changed." If food color is not appealing, consumers will not enjoy the flavor and texture of the food. ... 

Aspirin, non-acetylated salicylates, and other NSAIDs have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory actions. These agents inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) enzymes, thereby preventing prostaglandin synthesis, which results in reduced nociceptor sensitization and an increased pain threshold. NSAIDs are the preferred agents for mild to moderate pain in situations that are mediated by prostaglandins (e.g., rheumatoid... 

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