Indifferent threshold

The second parameter refers to the indifference threshold (Qk), which defines the range of variation of each criterion for which it is not possible for the decision-maker to favor the criterion of one solution over the corresponding criterion of another solution. It therefore represents the range of values over which two objective functions are indiscernible. 

Preference threshold Indifference threshold Substrate concentration, g.L ... 

In AGREPREF method are used two thresholds of sensibilities. Threshold of indifferent of variants a is indicating, how big should be at least total balances of those criteria, from whose viewpoints are both weighted variant , and aj indifferent. Threshold of preference of both variants /S is indicating, how big has to be difference between sums balances of criteria, from whose viewpoints is variant , preferred before variant aj and sums balances of criteria. Values of thresholds are in interval <0 1 >. 

Discretize the objective space into hyperboxes with user-defined indifference thresholds, and then represent the Pareto-optimal front with a collection of hyperboxes. 

The Concentration of Tungsten. As for most substances, there exist concentration thresholds between toxicity, indifference, and positive influences. 

Another reference point based method is the light beam search (Jaszkiewicz and Slowinski, 1999). It uses a similar achievement function as the reference point method but combined with tools of multiattribute decision analysis (designed for comparing a discrete set of solutions). Besides a reference point, the DM must supply thresholds for objective functions describing indifference and preference in objective values. This information is used to derive outranking relations between solutions. As a result, incomparable or indifferent solutions are not displayed to the DM. 

Between the indifference and preference thresholds, it varies linearly from 1 to 0. For a difference larger than the preference threshold, the concordance index is set to 0. 

The next step is to establish a set of rules that are based on the expert s ranked set and ranges of indifference. Here, each solution in the ranked set is compared to every other solution in order to define rules of preference (P rules) and rules of non-preference (NP rules). A mle takes the form of a set of values, one for each criterion, where each value may be either 1 or 0. A value of 1 indicates that the first solution is better than the second with respect to that criterion, while a value of 0 indicates that the first solution is worse than, or not significantly different from, the second with respect to that criterion. If it is desired to include the threshold of indifference in the elaboration of the rules, ranking the second solution in the comparison is always considered in the worst possible light by adding or subtracting the range of indifference, as appropriate, to it. In other words, the first solution in the comparison is... 

To adopt a ternary rule (0 0.5 1) or (-1 0 1) instead of a binary rule (0 1) to account for the uncertainty created by having two objectives being within the threshold of indifference (Zaras and Thibault, 2007). 

Example 7.3 Assuming the small set of Pareto-optimal solutions of Table 7.2 were presented to the decision-maker who ranked solution 1 as the best one and then solutions 3 and 2 in order of preference. Determine the resulting set of preference and non-preference rules. The threshold of indifference is not taken into account. 

The Pareto domain will first be ranked with the NFM. NFM uses four parameters for each objective criterion to express the preferences of the decision-maker the relative weight and three thresholds (indifference, preference, and veto). Table 7.10 provides, for each objective function... 

PROMETHEE offer six types of preferential functions. For every of evaluated criterions user will choose any ty pe o f pre ferential function and parameters of this function. These parameters are threshold of indifference q, threshold of absolute preferential p and the mean-root-square-error from normal sorting a. When we get a presumption that for every couple variants was quantifying, on basic of chosen preferential function, preferential intensity, than we can calculate global preferential indexes (Formula 22) ... 

Relation of indifference I is dependent on threshold a and relation of preference P is dependent on both thresholds. The final relation R = P, I) is obtained by comparing the pairs of variants. (Hradilek et al. 2006)... 

While the design of class for the representation of the variant of solution is easy, the design of the class for criterion is more difficult. Each of the MCA methods requires different parameters as to criteria. The common data form the significance of criteria, its name and the information whether it is minimizing or maximizing criterion. As for the PROMETHEE method, it is the type of preferential function, the threshold of indifference q, the threshold of absolute preferential p and the mean-root-square-error from normal sorting a. 

How can this be modeled First, there exists a zone of indifference as for a successftil intervention time (hence for the equipment state at the start of the intervention) as long as a given wear-out threshold, expressed by a value of the effective age, has not... 

Softer techniques as outranking aggregation methods (such as ELECTRE and derived methods (Roy 1991)) demand lesser effort, but also require some preference information not always available, such as the coherence of the ID family involved and the indifference, preference and veto thresholds of each ID. 

This function need enter threshold of indifference and preference. 

Threshold of indifference q, it is upper limit for difference evaluate of two variants and these variants are still indifferent. 

The pathetic ease and gullibility with which the mass media are lured into conventional moral panics may be contrasted to the deep denial behind their refusal to sustain a moral panic about torture, political massacres or social suffering in distant places. Public and media indifference are even attributed to deep states such as compassion fatigue . Moeller describes a cogni tive and moral stupor in which attention thresholds have risen so rapidly that the media try even more desperately to ratchet up the criteria for stories to be covered. In the hierarchy of which events and issues will be covered, a footballer s ankle injury will get more media attention than a political massacre. 

---