Prediction techniques research issues

However, many statistical modeling techniques do not, in an easy and straightforward way, by default, enable the estimation of whether a prediction is an interpolation to the model, thus rendering the prediction more credibility or an extrapolation to the model in which case the prediction must be evaluated with greater care. Furthermore, there are two aspects to the extrapolation problem one structural and the other statistical. Considerable research has been devoted to the problem of ADs. For a recent compilation on this issue, see Ref. [120]. 

Hopefully, this work will encourage further research on how to capitalize state-of-the-art modeling techniques and high-frequency meteorological measurements to improve our real-time ability in response to atmospheric releases of hazardous materials from an industrial accident or terrorist act. An urgent and challenging issue that needs to be addressed is diffusion model validation. Without comprehensive validation, even a well-designed prediction system cannot be accepted for operational application. 

---