Power generator surface condenser

Figure 20.3 Steam nozzle used in a large power generator surface condenser first-stage steam ejector vacuum system.

There are three potential types of OTEC power plants opcii-cyclc, closed-cycle, and hybrid systems. Open-cycle OTEC systems exploit the fact that water boils at temperatures below its normal boiling point when it is under lower than normal pressures. Open-cycle systems convert warm surface water into steam in a partial vacuum, and then use this steam to drive a large turbine connected to an electrical generator. Cold water piped up from deep below the oceans surface condenses the steam. Unlike the initial ocean water, the condensed steam is desalinated (free of salt) and may be collected and used for drinking or irrigation. 

Most boiler plants with electrical power generating facilities employ surface condensers. These are shell-and-tube heat exchangers in either one-, two-, or four-pass configurations. Surface condensers typically receive cooling water on the tube-side and steam on the shell-side of the heat exchanger. The LP turbine steam generally is received at the top of the condenser and proceeds through the condenser in a downward flow, while the FW turbine exhaust steam enters at the side. 

Corrosion performance is often the key to proper selection of tube alloy for steam surface condensers, particularly for those cooled by seawater and brackish water. Contamination of the working fluid will lower the steam quality, thus decreasing overall power generation efficiency. 

Industrial chemical cleaning involves the use of reactive chemicals to remove unwanted deposits from the surfaces of various pieces of process equipment. Included are components of power-generating units such as boilers and condensers, heat exchangers in refineries and petrochemical plants, and other industrial equipment such as digesters in paper mills. The chemical removal of unwanted surface deposits is conducted for many reasons. The first reason is to eliminate scales that contribute to increased corrosion. Examples of these types of deposits include iron oxides and copper found on the watersides of many types of process equipment. The second reason is to increase heat transfer. While steel may have a thermal conductivity of... 

Figure A1.5 Typical scheme of coal-fired thermal power plant (AuthorAJser BillC https // commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File PowerStation2.svg website approached January 26, 2016) (1) Cooling tower (2) cooling-water pump (3) transmission line (3-phase) (4) step-up transformer (3-phase) (5) electrical generator (3-phase) (6) low-pressure (LP) steam turbine (7) condensate pump (8) surface condenser (9) intermediate-pressure steam turbine (10) steam control valve (11) high-pressure (HP) steam turbine (12) deaerator (13) feedwater heater (14) coal conveyor (15) coal hopper (16) coal pulverizer (17) boiler steam drum (18) bottom ash hopper (19) superheater (20) forced draught (draft) fan (21) reheater (22) combustion air intake (23) economizer (24) air preheater (25) precipitator (26) induced-draught fan and (27) flue gas stack.

Fig. 5 shows the temperature distribution at the cross-sectional surface of the p-type element located near the center of the module. In this cross-section, TE materials exist just below the electrodes, and they carry the penetrated heat to the colder electrode. It is clear that the condensing distribution negligibly affected the temperature profile in this module. Therefore, the small inhomogeneous distribution of heat flux on the top surface of the module smears out as a result of the heat transfer in the module, and it does not have a significant effect. From the viewpoint of industrial application, the inhomogeneous focus of the water lens does not provide any significant response in power generation. 

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