Poured repose

Angle of Repose—p. The angle that the slope of a poured catalyst will make with the horizontal. For an FCC catalyst, this is typically 30°. 

A rapid method of assessing the behaviour of a particulate mass is to measure its angle of repose. If solid is poured from a nozzle on to a plane surface, it will form an approximately... 

The angle of repose may also be measured using a plane sheet to which is stuck a layer of particles from the powder. Loose powder is then poured on to the sheet which is then tilted until the powder slides. The angle of slide is known as the static angle of repose or the drained angle. 

Angle of repose—a blend is poured through a funnel into a pile and the angle at the base of the cone is measured. 

All the preceding particulate handling steps are affected by the unique properties of all particulates, including polymeric particulates while they may behave in a fluidlike fashion when they are dry, fluidized and above 100 pm, they also exhibit solidlike behavior, because of the solid-solid interparticle and particle-vessel friction coefficients. The simplest and most common example of the hermaphroditic solid/ fluidlike nature of particulates is the pouring of particulates out of a container (fluidlike behavior) onto a flat surface, whereupon they assume a stable-mount, solidlike behavior, shown in Fig. 4.2. This particulate mount supports shear stresses without flowing and, thus by definition, it is a solid. The angle of repose, shown below, reflects the static equilibrium between unconfined loose particulates. 

In addition to measurements of poured and drained repose angles, several other handling angles have been utilized. By placing the powder on a smooth surface... 

The angle of repose is defined as the angle of the free surface of a pile of powder to the horizontal plane. Depending on the conditions under which the pile has been poured and how the... 

The POURED ANGLE of repose is the angle measured on a pile poured freely onto a flat surface while... 

The poured angle of repose is determined from the graduation mark of the circle corresponding to the circumference of the base of the pile. Four different points of the circumference are usually assessed and averaged to determine the angle. 

The angle is expected to be affected by the degree of consolidation of the powder and its value, as expected, is usually greater than that of the poured angle of repose. It is clear that the measured values will be affected by the dimensions and size of the container used for the measurement, as well as by the way the powder is charged into it, and there is a need for developing a standard equipment and procedure for this test. 

The average angle of several measurements is then taken and except for very free-flowing materials, its value is always greater than that of the poured angle of repose (because, once again, it is taken from a consolidated material). 

If powder is poured from a funnel onto a horizontal surface, it will form a cone. The angle between the sides of the cone and the horizontal is referred to as the angle of repose. The angle is a measure of the cohesiveness of the powder, as it represents the point at which the interparticle attraction exceeds the gravitational pull on a particle. A free-flowing powder will form a cone with shallow sides, and hence a low angle of repose, while a cohesive powder will form a cone with steeper sides. 

Eored in close gloss or stoneware vessels, and c shaken frequently during the process of maceration. Tinctures are better clarified by repose than by filtration, os in the latter case a considerable portion is retained by the filtering medium, and lost by evaporation. In ordinary cases, it will be sufficient to allow the tincture to settle for a few days, and then to pour off the clear supemataut portion through a funnel loosely choked with a piece of sponge or tow, to keep back any fioating... 

Angle of repose The basal angle of a pile of powder that has been freely poured onto a horizontal surface. 

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