Potential-assisted self-assemble

Redox enzymes have been assembled in a monolayer on the solid surface by a potential-assisted self-assembling method as well as a thiol-gold selfassembling method. These enzymes are electronically communicated with the solid substrate through a molecular interface of conducting polymer and a covalently bound mediator. Electron transfer type of enzyme sensors have been fabricated by the self-assembling methods. 

Two different types of self-assembling processes are described. The one is a potential-assisted self-assembly of redox enzymes on the surface of an electrode. The potential-assisted self-assembly is followed by electrochemical... 

Potential-assisted Self-assembly of Enzymes on the Electrode Surface... 

Fig. 7 Procedure of the potential-assisted self-assembly of enzyme molecules...

This list is not enough nevertheless, it will be a guide for readers to understand correctly the potentials of dissipative structure-assisted self-assembly mechanism, and to design new experimental systems and practical application of polymers. 

Surfactants have also been used as a soft template for the electrochemical deposition of mesoporous silica films. Walcarius et al [28] demonstrated the elec-trochemically assisted self-assembly of surfactant-templated silica thm films on various conductive substrates (Au, Pt, glassy carbon, ITO, and Cu). The films were highly ordered and homogeneous over wide areas. Figure 12.10 shows the TEM images of the electrodeposited mesoporous silica films. Hexagonal pores are seen to be well ahgned perpendicular to the surface. It is believed that the cathodic potential applied on the substrate not only drove the sol-gel film... 

DNA-strand exchange between a ssDNA and a duplex in which all G and C residues have been replaced by 2 -deoxyisoguanosine (iG) and 2 -deoxy-5-methyl-isocytidine MiC) by the E. coli RecA protein in vitro occurred at a similar rate and efficiency to unmodified DNA. This provides further potential for the role of iG and MiC in an expanded genetic code. Using ODNs rich in isoguanosine residues, Chaput and Switzer have shown that iG quintet structures may be formed from a metal-assisted hydrogen bond-mediated self-assembly process. The structures were stabilised particularly in the presence of Cs+ ions. 

Boussard and Tao [41,42] used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to study cast and self-assembled, adsorbed DDAB layers on highly ordered PG (HOPG) electrodes. Consistent with Figure 4, theirresults suggested that Mb inserts into the DDAB bilayers. A potential-driven phase transition of adsorbed DDAB was observed by AFM, which may cause physical movement of the DDAB microstructures close to the electrode and possibly assist in mass transport of Mb during CV scans. 

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