Potassium oxonate

Stavric B, (dayman S, Gadd REA, Hebert D (1975) Some in vivo effects in the rat induced by chlorprothixene and potassium oxonate. Pharm Res Comm 7 117-124 Sugino H, Shimada H (1995) The uricosuric effect in rats of E5050, a new derivative of ethanolamine, involves inhibition of the tubular postsecretory reabsorption of urate. Jpn J Pharmacol 68 297-303... 

Application of HC to animal tissues was carried out for renal stones in kidneys. Rats were freely fed a laboratory ration containing 3% uric acid and 2% potassium oxonate (54). After 3 weeks on this diet, the rats were sacrificed to obtain the kidneys. The left kidney was frozen, and the right one was fixed in absolute alcohol. Both kidneys were sectioned to observe amorphous and crystalline deposits in the tubules and collecting tubes with the microscope. Amorphous and crystalline deposits in both kidneys were removed by the microaspiratoscope, separately, for analysis by HPLC (55). To determine the constituents of the deposits, uric acid, known as a potential component of kidney stones, xanthine and hypoxanthine as precursors, and potassium oxonate were used for reference on HPLC. Only uric acid, probably urate or both, was detected in both kidneys on HPLC. 

Febuxostat (1) was also effective in rats with potassium oxonate (250 mg/kg s.c. 1 h before febuxostat)-induced hyperuricemia. Both febuxostat (1) and allopurinol (2) were hypouricemic 2 h postdosing with ED50 values of 1.5 and 5 mg/kg p.o., respectively both agents decreased the molarity of sUA and allantoin with ED50 values by 2.1 and 6.9 mg/kg p.o., respectively. 

Tetpyridine,) has been synthesized and characterized This complex catalyzes O2 evolution from either KHS05 (potassium oxone) or NaOCl via an intermediate complex [(teipy)(S04)MnIV(0)2MnIV(S04)(teipy)]. Dioxygen evolution in systems containing cubane-type tetramers, [Ru4(CO)i2(p3-Se)4] and [(dpp)6Mii404] (dpp- =diphenyl phosphinate anion), have been indicated (Ruttinger and Dismukes., 2000). 

The triple salt is better known by the trademarks Caroat (Degussa), OXONE Monopersulfate Compound (Du Pont), and Curox (Laporte). It is also known as potassium caroate. It has been made on a commercial scale siace the 1950s, and the world market ia 1994 was several thousand tons. It is made commercially by Peroxid-Chemie (Germany), Degussa (Germany), Du Pont (United States), and Migas (Japan). In 1994, the United Kingdom price was J1.80/kg ( 2.67/kg). 

Works on the oxidation of uric acid has unequivocally established the triazine structure > ° (9) of oxonic acid. This is further confirmed by the straightforward synthesis described by Piskala and Gut. ° The reaction of biuret (11) with potassium ethyloxalate yielded a potassium salt (24), that with ethyl oxamate, the amide of oxonic acid (25). Both these compounds were converted to 5-azauracil. An analogous reaction with diethyloxalate which should produce an ester of oxonic acid resulted in a mixture of urethane and parabanic acid, however. 

The regeneration of carbonyl compounds from 1,3-dithianes can be achieved using potassium hydrogen persulfate, Oxone , supported on wet alumina <96SL767> and by periodic acid under non-aqueous conditions <96TL4331>. The deprotection of benzyl substituted 1,3-dithianes can be achieved using the one electron oxidant [Fe(phen)3](PF6)3 <96SL315>. 

The one-pot conversions of oximes to gem-halonitro compounds have been achieved by using A(/V,/V.-trihalo-l,3,5-triazines,131 chloroperoxidase in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and potassium chloride,132 or commercial OXONE and sodium chloride.133 Of these methods, the case of OXONE may be the most convenient (Eq. 2.65). 

Reactive oximes and their salts, such as potassium 2,3-butanedione monoximate found in commercially available RSDL, are extremely effective at rapidly detoxifying nerve agents. Some chloroisocyanurates, similar to those found in the CASCAD, are effective at detoxifying V-series agents and so is oxone, a peroxymonosulfate triple salt. 

Tetrahydrobenzyl alcohol (( )3-cyclohexenene-l-methanol) and 30% aqueous hydrogen peroxide were purchased from Fluka, AG. 3-Cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid and cis-4-cyclohexene-l,2-dicarboxylic acid were used as purchased from Lancaster Chemical Co. Methyl iodide, acetic anhydride, Oxone (potassium peroxymonosulfate), Aliquot 336 (methyl tri-n-octylammonium chloride), sodium tungstate dihydrate and N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) were purchased from Aldrich Chemical Co. and used as received. 3,4-Epoxycyclohexylmethyl 3, 4 -epoxycyclohexane carboxylate (ERL 4221) and 4-vinylcyclohexene dioxide were used as purchased from the Union Carbide Corp. (4-n-Octyloxyphenyl)phenyliodonium hexafluoroantimonate used as a photoinitiator was prepared by a procedure described previously (4). 

The simplest model compound is cyclohexene oxide III. Monomers IV, V and VII represent different aspects of the ester portion of I, while monomers VII and VIII reflect aspects of both the monomer I and the polymer which is formed by cationic ring-opening polymerization. Monomers IV-VII were prepared using a phase transfer catalyzed epoxidation based on the method of Venturello and D Aloisio (6) and employed previously in this laboratory (7). This method was not effective for the preparation of monomer VIII. In this specific case (equation 4), epoxidation using Oxone (potassium monoperoxysulfate) was employed. 

It is noteworthy that quick and effective formation of diaryl nitrones can be achieved through oxidation of diaryl imines with Oxone (potassium peroxy-monosulfate) in such media as aqueous solution of NaHCC>3 in acetonitrile or acetone. When oxidized under such conditions, dialkyl or monoaryl imines give oxaziridines (17). Oxidation of 3,4-dihydroisoquinoline (9) with Oxone initially leads to the formation of oxaziridine (10) which is easily transformed into the corresponding 3,4-dihydroisoquinoline A-oxide (11) upon treatment with catalytic amounts of p-toluenesulfonic acid (Scheme 2.4) (18). 

As oxiranes can be generated in situ from Oxone (potassium peroxomono-sulfate) and a ketone, dioxiranes are attractive oxidants for epoxidation reactions that may be rapid and may require only a simple workup. 

The epoxidation of nonfunctionalized alkenes may also be effected by chiral dioxiranes. These species, formed in situ using the appropriate ketone and potassium caroate (Oxone), can be formed from C-2 symmetric chiral ketones (29)[93], functionalized carbohydrates (30)[94] or alkaloid derivatives (31)[95]. One example from the laboratories of Shi and co-workers is given in Scheme 19. 

Among many other methods for epoxidation of disubstituted E-alkenes, chiral dioxiranes generated in situ from potassium peroxomonosulfate and chiral ketones have appeared to be one of the most efficient. Recently, Wang et /. 2J reported a highly enantioselective epoxidation for disubstituted E-alkenes and trisubstituted alkenes using a d- or L-fructose derived ketone as catalyst and oxone as oxidant (Figure 6.3). 

The flask was equipped with two addition funnels one of them was filled with the solution of oxone (1 g) in aqueous Na2(EDTA) (4 x 10-4 M, 6.5 mL) and the other one with a solution of potassium carbonate (930 mg) in distilled water (6.5 mL). The two solutions were added dropwise as slowly as possible over a period of 1 hour. 

Oxone (potassium peroxymonosulfate, 2 KHSO5KHSO4K2SO4) was purchased from Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc. 

Oxone Peroxymonosulfuric acid, monopotassium salt, mixt. with dipotassium sulfate and potassium hydrogen sulfate (9) (37222-66-5)... 

Oxone is a registered trademark of DuPont with potassium peroxymonosulfate KHSOs (potassium monopersulfate) as oxidizing ingredient of a triple salt with the formula... 

Sulfides in the electrophilic positions are often oxidized to sulfones to facilitate nucleophilic displacement reactions. The sulfoxide is initially formed, and can sometimes be isolated, but normally the oxidation is allowed to proceed fully to give the sulfone. Peroxyacids are commonly used as the oxidant, although other reagents such as oxone (potassium peroxymonosulfate) can also be employed <20030L1011, 2006ARK(vii)452>. 

Chiral ketone-catalyzed asymmetric epoxidation has received intensive interest since the first reported by Curci et al. in 1984. The reaction is performed with oxone (potassium peroxomonosulfate) as the primary oxidant which generates the chiral dioxirane catalytic species in situ, which in turn, transfers the oxygen... 

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