Potassium lithium niobate

FTIR and Raman spectra of Li20-Nb205-Ca0-P205 samples show the presence of NbOg octahedra linked to phosphate via Nb-O-P bonds.149 The IR and Raman spectra of potassium lithium niobate show that the deformation mode of NbOfi7 is spilt into 3 components as the lithium concentration increases.150,151 vM-O bands were assigned from the IR and Raman spectra of Pb4Te6M10O41, where M = Nb or Ta.152... 

M. Matsukura, Z. Chen, M. Adachi and A. Kawabata, Growth of potassium lithium niobate single-crystal fibers by the laser-heated pedestal growth method, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 36, Part 1, No. 9B. 5947-5949 (1997). 

Potassium lithium niobate KjLijNbjOis KLN Kyropoulos method... 

Barium titanate Potassium lithium niobate Lead titanate... 

Fig. 1.16 Some ferroelectric compounds and their phase transition types and temperatures. Different thermal expansion of calcium barium niobate in [hfcO] and [001] direction. Cracking along [hkO) faces In potassium lithium niobate caused by crossing the phase transition temperature at about 450°C.

Only certain types of crystalline materials can exhibit second harmonic generation (61). Because of symmetry considerations, the coefficient must be identically equal to zero in any material having a center of symmetry. Thus the only candidates for second harmonic generation are materials that lack a center of symmetry. Some common materials which are used in nonlinear optics include barium sodium niobate [12323-03-4] Ba2NaNb O lithium niobate [12031 -63-9] LiNbO potassium titanyl phosphate [12690-20-9], KTiOPO beta-barium borate [13701 -59-2], p-BaB204 and lithium triborate... 

Lithium Niobate, 7Li2O.6Nb2O6.20H2O, is a crystalline substance which results from the action of lithium nitrate on a concentrated solution of potassium niobate, K20.3Nb205.5H20.8... 

There are two principal types of materials that can function as piezoelectrics the ceramics and polymers. The piezoelectric materials most widely used are the piezoceramics based on the lead zirconate titanate, PZT, formations, mixed sodium and potassium niobates, lithium niobate, and quartz. The advantages of these piezoceramics are that they have a high piezoelectric activity and they can be fabricated in many different shapes. 

The field of nonlinear optics (NLO) is currently one of the most active in terms of research intensity and funding. However, despite many heroic efforts, both theoretical and experimental, the most common SHG-active materials that are in use today, potassium dihydrogenphosphate (KDP) and lithium niobate(V), LiNbO 3, were discovered when the field was in its infancy. Efforts now have to be concentrated on the development of processable, nonlinear optical materials, and this has to be achieved on a very short time scale. 

In contrast, the nonlinearities in bulk materials are due to the response of electrons not associated with individual sites, as it occurs in metals or semiconductors. In these materials, the nonlinear response is caused by effects of band structure or other mechanisms that are determined by the electronic response of the bulk medium. The first nonlinear materials that were applied successfully in the fabrication of passive and active photonic devices were in fact ferroelectric inorganic crystals, such as the potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystal or the lithium niobate (LiNbO,) [20-22]. In the present, potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystal is broadly used as a laser frequency doubler, while the lithium niobate is the main material for optical electrooptic modulators that operate in the near-infrared spectral range. Another ferroelectric inorganic crystal, barium titanate (BaTiOj), is currently used in phase-conjugation applications [23]. 

Perovskites and related compounds Barium titanate Lead titanate Potassium niobate Potassium tantalate niobate Lithium niobate Lithium tantalate Barium titanium niobate Ba-Na niobate ( Bananas )... 

The experimental values of 33 are mueh larger than those reported for other materials suitable for blue conversion ap-plieations, like potassium titanyl phosphate, and are approximately equal to those determined for lithium niobate [153]. 

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