Growth Methods

Attached growth processes are capable of removing up to 90 percent of BOD and are thus less effective than suspended growth methods. 

Another suspended growth method is the upward-flow anaerobic sludge blanket illustrated in Fig. 11.6a. Here the sludge is contacted by upward flow of the feed at a velocity such that the sludge is not carried out of the top of the digester. 

Koma A 1992 Van Der Waals epitaxy—a new epitaxial growth method for a highly lattice mismatched system Thin Soiid Fiims 216 72-6... 

Epitaxial crystal growth methods such as molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) have advanced to the point that active regions of essentially arbitrary thicknesses can be prepared (see Thin films, film deposition techniques). Most semiconductors used for lasers are cubic crystals where the lattice constant, the dimension of the cube, is equal to two atomic plane distances. When the thickness of this layer is reduced to dimensions on the order of 0.01 )J.m, between 20 and 30 atomic plane distances, quantum mechanics is needed for an accurate description of the confined carrier energies (11). Such layers are called quantum wells and the lasers containing such layers in their active regions are known as quantum well lasers (12). 

In the flux-growth method, crystals of the desired ceramic are precipitated from a melt containing the components of the product phase, often in addition to additives used to suppress the melting point of the flux. These additives remain in solution after crystal growth is complete. Crystals are precipitated onto seeds by slowly cooling the melt or the seed, or occasionally by evaporating volatile components of the melt such as alkaH haHdes, depressing the solubiHty of the product phase. 

Film CAS Registry Number Growth method Insertion ion CE(X), cmVC X, nm References... 

The polymerization methods to PPV and PPV derivatives described in the previous section involve 1,6-polymerization of an immediately formed 1,4-xylyl-ene derivative. Aside frome this polymerization approach, a broad spectrum of polycondensation procedures (step-growth methods) to PPV and PPV derivatives has been developed. The methods can be classified as follows ... 

If neither the AC nor the BC component exhibits in any part of its (zero pressure) (x, T) phase diagram the structure a, which though exists in their solid solution, then the latter is of Type III . In this case, the alloy environment stabilizes a structure which is fundamentally new to at least one of its components. Such alloy-stabilized phases with no counterpart in the phase diagram of the constituent components can be formed in bulk equilibrium growth and may be distinguished from the unusual alloy phases that are known to form in extreme non-equilibrium growth methods and in epitaxial forms. 

List the ways that one ean obtain a "seed" crystal. Is it possible to use one t37pe of crystal-growth method to obtain a seed crystal for Czochralski growth ... 

In the study culture of p. fellutanum, strain 57599 was used, which was grown by deep —growth method in flasks, dia 750 ml on Chapec medium with addition of beet pectin (1%) as a source of carbon or beet pulp (4%). It was grown on the rockers (220-240 rev/min.) at 26-28 °C. 

Preparation and growth mechanism of gold nanorods (NRs) using seed-mediated growth method. 

Hendrix, D.A. Jarzynski, C., A fast growth method of computing free energy differences, J. Chem. Phys. 2001,114, 5974-5981... 

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