Potassium hydroxide solutions specific heat

There are some specific spray reagents for the detection of phthalate esters namely, spray solution I (add some zinc powder to a 20% ethanolic resorcinol solution), spray solution II (2 M sulfuric acid), and spray solution III (40% aqueous potassium hydroxide solution). Procedure Spray with I, heat for 10 min at 150°C, spray with II, heat 10 min at OO C, and spray with III. Phthalate esters will appear as orange spots on a yellow background (48). Spectroscopic data UV... 

Caustic Potash Solution — (I) Chemical Designations — Synonyms Potassium Hydroxide Solution Lye Otemical Formula KOH—H O (ii) Observable Characteristics — Physical State (as normally shipped) Liquid Cobr Colorless Odor None (iii) Physical and Chemical Properties — Physical State at 15 X and 1 atm. Liquid Molecular Weight Not pertinent Boiling Point at 1 atm. >266, > 130, >403 Freezing Point Not pertinent Critical Temperature Not pertinent Critical Pressure Not pertinent Specific Gravity 1.45 - 1.50 at 20° C (liquid) Vapor (Gas) Density Not pertinent Ratio of Specific Heats of Vapor (Gas) Not pertinent Latent Heat... 

Some agrochemicals bind strongly to the soil component as bound residues, which cannot be extracted without vigorous extraction procedures. In this case, an acidic (e.g., hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid) or alkaline solution (e.g., sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide) can be used as an extraction solvent, and also heating may be effective in improving the extraction of the residues. Analytical procedures after the extraction are the same as above, but a filtration procedure may be troublesome in some of these situations. However, these procedures are rare exceptions or are needed for specific chemicals that are stable under such harsh extraction conditions. 

Optical (Specific) Rotation Transfer an accurately weighed amount of sample, equivalent to about 100 mg of total tocoph-erols, into a separator, and dissolve it in 50 mL of ether. Add 20 mL of a 10% solution of potassium ferricyanide in a 1 125 sodium hydroxide solution, and shake for 3 min. Wash the ether solution with four 50-mL portions of water, discard the washings, and dry over anhydrous sodium sulfate. Evaporate the dried ether solution on a water bath under reduced pressure or in an atmosphere of nitrogen until about 7 or 8 mL remains, and then complete the evaporation, removing the last traces of ether without the application of heat. Immediately dissolve the residue in 5.0 mL of isooctane, and determine the optical rotation. Calculate the optical rotation [see Optical (Specific) Rotation, Appendix HB], using as c the concentration expressed as the number of grams of total tocopherols, as determined in the Assay (above), in 100 mL of the solution. 

Potassium pyrophosphate, K4P207.—The pyrophosphate is produced by heating dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, or by neutralizing anhydrous phosphoric acid with potassium hydroxide dissolved in absolute alcohol. Its specific heat is 0-1910 between 17° and 98° C.11 It is soluble in water, forming a slightly alkaline solution, and yields a trihydrate. 

A mixture of 6 g. of dry pyridine hydrochloride and 3 g. of cannabidiol (M. P. 66-67°) was heated at 125° for one hour The Beam test (purple color with 5% alcoholic potassium hydroxide) had entirely disappeared after a relatively short time. The product was then washed with water to free it from pyridine hydrochloride, extracted with ether and the ether solution washed with water. After evaporation of the solvent, the product was distilled in high vacuo, whereupon hydrogen chloride was evolved. The distillate was a highly viscous, colorless oil with a B.P approximately the same as that reported in the experiments using hydrochloric acid in ethanol for cyclization. Upon separating into six fractions, the specific rotations were as follows [a]32D—235 °, - 236 °, - 235 °, —241 °, —244 °, —249 °. 

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