Potassium hydroxide Polyethylene glycol

KPEG [K (potassium) polyethylene glycol] A process for destroying polychlorinated bipheny ls in contaminated soil by heating to 150°C, under pressure, with potassium hydroxide,... 

Ethylene oxide Polyethylene glycol 400 Potassium hydroxide... 

Kong D-L, He L-N, Wang J-Q (2010) Synthesis of urea derivatives from C02 and amines catalyzed by polyethylene glycol supported potassium hydroxide without dehydrating agents. Synlett 8 1276-1280... 

KPEG [K (potassium) PolyEthylene Glycol] A process for destroying polychlorinated biphenyls in contaminated soil by heating to 150°C, under pressure, with potassium hydroxide, a polyethylene glycol, and a sulfoxide. Based on an invention made at the Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, in which metallic sodium was used. Later developed by Galson Research Corporation, New York, and first demonstrated in 1988. See also CDP. 

A good separation was obtained on a packed column of 30 % polyethylene glycol 4000 on silica gel impregnated with 20 % potassium hydroxide. Potassium hydroxide was used to reduce adsorption to the solid support. The results are given in Table 6.1. 

In the case of acrylates mono- or disubstituted at C3, the adducts of dichlorocarbene, formed under phase-transfer catalysis conditions, react further to give the esters of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro-spiro[2.2]pentanecarboxylic acid as the major products (Houben-Weyl, Vol. E19b, pp 1548-1549). Therefore, the catalyst(s) used for the selective cyclopropanation by phase-transfer catalysis of various acrylates vide supra) were examined. Dichlorocyclopropane 1 was formed from tert-butyl 3-methylbut-2-enoate and chloroform in the presence of 55% aqueous potassium hydroxide and a mixed catalyst polyethylene glycol ( Triton-N-lOl ) and tricapryl-methylammonium chloride ( Aliquat 336 ). The same reaction carried out in the presence of 18-crown-6 as a catalyst afforded three products, the cyclopropane as a minor product. 

The chloroform/base/phase-transfer catalyst method has proved to be useful for the preparation of 2,2-dichIorocyclopropyl ketones on condition that the double bond in the starting ketones is substituted in the a-position by an alkyl group. ° Both benzyltriethylammonium chloride and polyethylene glycol (PEG 1500, in the presence of powdered potassium hydroxide) are effective catalysts for these reactions. 

A chemical destruction method that has been used for the treatment of PCBs in contaminated dielectric liquids or soil is based on the reaction of a polyethylene glycol/potassium hydroxide mixture with PCBs (De Filippis et al. 1997). This method can be used successfully for the destruction of higher chlorinated PCBs with an efficiency of >99%, but was found to be unsuitable for the treatment of di- and trichlorobiphenyls due to low destruction efficiencies (Sabata et al. 1993). Irradiation of PCBs in isooctane and transformer oil by y-radiation resulted in degradation of PCBs to less chlorinated PCBs and PCB-solvent adducts (Arbon et al. 1996). Supercritical fluid technology has shown promise as a method for extraction of PCBs from soils, coupled with supercritical water oxidation of the extracted PCBs (Tavlarides 1993,1998a). Hofelt and Shea (1997) demonstrated the use of semipermeable membrane devices to accumulate PCBs from New Bedford Harbor, Massachusetts water. Another method showing... 

Polyethylene glycol has been used as an analogue of water in some cases. Ethers have been made (8.40) in 68-91% yields using powdered potassium hydroxide (containing 12% water) in polyethylene glycol.253... 

Fig. lA-D 10% methaiiolie potassium hydroxide A,D-4 vis B,C UV-365 nm Fig, 2A,B 10% methanolic potassium hydroxide A->vi.s B-4UV-365nin Fig. 2C Natural products-polyethylene glycol reagent (NP/PEG No. 28) UV-365 um...

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