Potassium chloride caking

The aqueous portion from which the cake of acid is removed contains free hydrochloric acid, potassium chloride, and glyceiol. The latter may be obtained by evapoiating to dryness on the water-bath, and extracting the residue with small quantities of alcohol, which dissolves out the glycerol. On evaporating the alcohol impure glycerol is left. 

The SF-837 strain, namely Streptomyces mycarofaciens identified as ATCC No. 21454 was inoculated to 60 liters of a liquid culture medium containing 2.5% seccharified starch, 4% soluble vegetable protein, 0.3% potassium chloride and 0.3% calcium carbonate at pH 7.0, and then stir-cultured in a jar-fermenter at 28°C for 35 hours under aeration. The resulting culture was filtered directly and the filter cake comprising the mycelium cake was washed with dilute hydrochloric acid. 

In these systems, particularly systems such as potassium chloride polymer, the role of bentonite is diminished because the chemical environment is designed to collapse and encapsulate the clays since this reaction is required to stabilize water-sensitive formations. The clay may have a role in the initial formulation of an inhibited fluid to provide the solids to create a filter cake. 

A composition for dissolving filter-cake deposits left by drilling mud in wellbores is composed of an aqueous solution of citric acid and potassium chloride, alkali metal formate, acid tetraphosphate, alkaline earth chloride, and alkali metal thiophosphate [1012]. 

Mannheim (1) A process for making hydrochloric acid by roasting sulfuric acid and sodium chloride together in a closed cast iron furnace equipped with a plough. The byproduct sodium sulfate, known as salt cake, may be reciystallized after neutralization and filtration, and used as a detergent ingredient. A potassium variant is used in those locations where native potassium chloride can be found. 

The reaction mixture is cooled somewhat (Note 5) and filtered through a large Buchner funnel. The manganese dioxide cake is removed from the funnel and stirred to a smooth paste with 1 1. of fresh water. The slurry is filtered, and the washing is repeated. The total filtrate, about 10 1., is evaporated under reduced pressure on the steam bath to a volume of approximately 3 1. (Note 6). The solution is swirled or stirred gently while 550 ml. (6.6 moles) of 36% hydrochloric acid is cautiously added (Note 7). Evaporation under reduced pressure is then continued imtil a moist cake of solid potassium chloride and 2,3-pyrazinedicar-boxylic acid remains in the flask (Note 8). 

Diazotise 223 g. of 2-naphtliylamine-l-sulphonic acid as detailed under fi-Bromonaphthalene in Section IV,62. Prepare cuprous cyanide from 125 g. of cupric sulphate pentahydrate (Section IV,66) and dissolve it in a solution of 65 g. of potassium cyanide in 500 ml. of water contained in a 1-litre three-necked flask. Cool the potassium cuprocyanide solution in ice, stir mechanically, and add the damp cake of the diazonium compound in small portions whilst maintaining the temperature at 5-8°. Nitrogen is soon evolved and a red precipitate forms gradually. Continue the stirring for about 10 hours in the cold, heat slowly to the boiling point, add 250 g. of potassium chloride, stir, and allow to stand. Collect the orange crystals which separate by suction filtration recrystallise first from water and then from alcohol dry at 100°. The product is almost pure potassium 2-cyanonaphthalene-l-sulphonate. Transfer the product to a 2-litre round-bottomed flask, add a solution prepared from 400 ml. of concentrated sulphuric acid and 400 g. of crushed ice, and heat the mixture under reflux for 12 hours. Collect the -naphthoic acid formed (some of which sublimes from the reaction mixture) by suction filtration... 

A) Preparation of Naphthol Yellow S. Place 20 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid in an eight-inch test tube and heat to 100° in a water bath. Place a thermometer in the tube, and add 5 g of finely powdered commercial a-naphthol in about 1-2 minutes. Prepare a standard temperature bath for heating at about 120°, and transfer the tube into this bath. Heat for 3 hours. Remove the tube and allow to cool to room temperature, then pour with vigorous stirring into 30 ml of water. Place in a 250-ml beaker 5 ml of concentrated nitric acid and 1.5 ml of water. Cool in an ice bath, and add slowly the solution of the naphthol trisulfonic acid prepared above, keeping the temperature at 30-35°. After two minutes add slowly 4 ml of concentrated nitric acid, and stir. After five minutes remove the beaker from the ice bath, allow to stand for 15 minutes at room temperature, then warm to 50° for 10 minutes. Cool, and add 30 ml of saturated salt solution. Filter the nitro compound, and wash three times with saturated salt solution. Remove the cake to a 250-ml beaker and add 30 ml of water. Heat to 80°, and add solid sodium carbonate until the solution is neutral. Add 4 g of solid potassium chloride, and cool. Filter the precipitated dye, and dry on a filter disc or a porous plate. 

FIGURE 6.8 Solid bowl continuous centrifuge for separation of a solid suspension from a liquid. With sodium chloride or potassium chloride slurries in brine it is capable of producing a dry cake of 92-99% solids. 

The rate and extent to which caking takes place depends on the moisture content, the particle size or specific surface area, the pressure under which the material is stored (e.g., top or bottom of the pile), the temperature and its variation during storage, as well as the time. The influence of temperature and temperature variations depends on the solubility of the solids. Fig. 4.5 shows four different temperature-solubility curves. Whereas the solubility of sodium chloride changes little with temperature, this is not true for potassium chloride (or potash) and potassium nitrate, for example. The latter features a very steep curve. Some salts, such as sodium sulfate, exhibit various temperature-dependent solubility ranges. 

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