Postural change

Ishida M, Ishizaki M, Yamada Y. 1996. Decreases in postural change in finger blood flow in ceramic painters chronically exposed to low level lead. Am J Ind Med 29(5) 547-553. 

If dizziness occurs, avoid sudden posture changes and activities that require steady and alert responses... 

The diagnostic pitfalls of penicillamine-induced polymyositis have been reviewed in the light of a report of a patient in whom postural changes were at first mistaken for possible ankylosing spondylitis (367). 

As noted above, hyperkalemia often complicates the NSAID-induced acute renal deterioration. However, the severity of hyperkalemia can be disproportionate to the degree of renal impairment. Tan et al. [56] have reported a patient who had a serum potassium level of 6.2 mEq/L in spite of only mildly abnormal renal function. In this patient, plasma renin and aldosterone levels were suppressed and failed to respond to furo-semide or postural changes. Urinary prostaglandin Ej was also suppressed. Discontinuation of indomethacin resulted in normalization of potassium, prostaglandin Ej, and a rebound of renin and aldosterone. 

Rigidity An abnormal increase in muscle tone, resulting in postural changes (shuffling gate, the chest and head thrust forward, knees and hips flexed, walks without swinging arms)... 

Because this condition is rarely associated with symptoms, the desired outcomes can generally be achieved with restoration of the blood pressure to the normal range, and absence of postural changes in blood pressure or increases in the central venous pressure or pulmonary cap-... 

Medications should be reviewed and those that may cause falls should be eliminated when possible. Examples include psychotropics, sedative-hypnotics, antidepressants, antihypertensives, and diuretics. Sedative-hypnotic use should be limited or discontinued. When benzodiazepines must be used, shorter-acting ones are recommended, but are still not risk-free. Other drugs altering balance and lowering blood pressure and blood glucose changes should be carefully monitored. Patients should be warned about medications that contribute to orthostasis and should be warned about abrupt postural changes. 

Eisenberg, S. and Wolff, P. (1965). Plasma volume after posture change in hypertensive subjects. Arch. Int. Med., 112, 544. 

U-54,659F (59) lowered blood pressure in hypertensive and normoten-sive rats and monkeys.The compound inhibited sympathetic neuronal function and depleted catecholamines in cardiac and other tissues. However, there were no effects on postjunctional organ responsiveness to catecholamines nor effects on blood pressure during postural changes. 

Rigidity is the abnormal increase in muscle tone that causes the patient to make postural changes such a shuffling gate, the chest and head is thrust forward, and knees and hips are flexed. The patient walks without swinging his arms. These movements are slow (bradykinesia) and the patient exhibits involuntary tremors of the head and neck which may be more prevalent at rest and pill-rolling movements of the hands. Another characteristic symptoms is the masked facies (no facial expression) common in patients with Parkinson s disease. 

Support for the hierarchical activation of the motor units ofthetrapezirrs muscle, also during postural changes, has recently been obtained in an experimental study by Kadefors et al. (1999), using a new type of fine wire electrodes. Stress-induced muscle tension, with or withorrt physical demands, would be enough to activate and prevent relaxation of such motor units. 

The behaviors recorded were similar to those in Study 1 except that the place on an iguana where social TFs were received or delivered was noted. All head movements, posture changes, and locomotions were recorded as they took place in each 10 sec interval. All the responses were events except locomotion which often was continuous throughout the 10 sec interval. In these cases, a maximum of 5 checks were recorded in an interval (one per 2 sec). Thus a maximum rate of 30/min was possible for locomotion. 

As in Study 1, all observations were made primarily by one observer (GMB), and secondarily by another (BAA), who recorded the behavior as called out by the main observer and also observed the focal animal when possible. Agreement was very high on all behaviors except posture change, which was thus eliminated from subsequent analysis. The results were analyzed by converting the raw scores to rate means for each animal and each session. 

Na, S., S. Lim, H.-S. Choi, M. K. Chung (2005). Evaluation of driver s discomfort and postural change using dynamic body pressure distribution. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 35(12) 1085-%. 

Table 3 Postural changes in blood component concentrations...

Neutral posture is the curvature of a cadaveric spine. Lordotic posture would be described as the curvature of human being standing erect in gravitational field. How does posture influence the distribution of compressive stress on the disc and how does posture change the distribution of the loads between the discs, facet joints and ligaments, and affects the tension on the lumbodorsal fascia ... 

A 26-year-old primigravida was given intravenous ondansetron 6 mg every 12 hours after a cesarean section and after 14 hours developed a severe headache aggravated by postural change [31 ]. Ondansetron was withdrawn, and she improved dramatically within a few hours, with complete recovery over the next 24 hours. 

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