Post-traumatic stress disorder attention deficit

ADHD, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder EKG, electrocardiogram GI, gastrointestinal MD, major depression MR, mental retardation OCD, obsessive-compulsive disorder PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder. Trade names are in parentheses. Doses are general guidelines. All doses must be individualized with appropriate monitoring. Weight-corrected doses are less appropriate for obese children. 

ADHD, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder BP, blood pressure CLD, clonidine EKG, electrocardiogram GNF, guanfacine N, total number of subjects in study w, number of preschool-age subjects in study PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder. 

Nicotine, the major alkaloid fotmd in tobacco plant leaves and the prototypical nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist, is known to reduce memory impairment associated with chronic stress [1-3], aging [4—8], brain lesions [9], and cognitive disorders, including Alzheimer s disease (AD) [3, 10-14], schizophrenia [14], attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) [15,16], Parkinson s disease [13, 17], post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) [18], sleep deprivation [19, 20], and hypothyroidism [21, 22], Moreover, nicotine is a potent scavenger of hydroxyl and superoxide free radicals. In fact, it has been reported that nicotine is more of an antioxidant than vitamin C [23]. 

The co-3 fatty acids have numerous important functions, especially in the brain. Accordingly, a deficiency of DHA and EPA may cause dysfunction of the central nervous system and probably also the retina, thereby resulting in impaired vision. In addition, there is a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders that have been associated with decreased levels of especially DHA and AA, such as, for example, schizophrenia and depression [3], post-traumatic stress syndrome, autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Since no primary inherited defect of essential fatty acid interconversion has yet been described, no specific explanations for the essential fatty acid concentration changes are readily available. 

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