Post superficial

Although nodular-cystic forms required eight to ten applications, a significant improvement of the coexisting post-acne superficial scarring was noted. The procedure was well tolerated and patient compliance was excellent [12]. In the treatment of atrophic acne scars (Fig. 2.6),... 

Severe nodulo-cystic acne Superficial post-acneic scars Medium-deep post-acneic scars... 

It is estimated that over 100,000 acres in Hawaii and some 250,000 acres in Louisiana each year are treated with herbicides, mostly 2,4-D and TCA (sodium salt of trichloroacetic acid), for pre- and postemergence weed control. Johnson grass on ditch banks on some 50,000 to 75,000 superficial acres in Louisiana is controlled with sodium chlorate or TCA. Some trials with CMU [3-(p-chlorophenyl)-l,l-di-methylurea] are in process. Florida cane growers use 150,000 pounds of 2,4-D amine salt of Karmex W on 43,000 acres of cane and anticipate using up to 100,000 pounds per year. Of the growers in Puerto Rico, 60% are said to use herbicides as either pre- or post-emergence sprays. 

Sulphur dioxide and sulphurous gases attack basic rocks and glasses superficially at high temperatures (900° C.) with the formation of water-soluble sulphates, chiefly sodium sulphate.3 It is probable that such reaction and the solution of the products in hot springs during the early post-volcanic period explain the origin of alkaline sulphated thermal waters. 

Post-phlebrtic syndrome, a complication of acute DVT is estimated to occur in approximately 4% of the population (213). This syndrome is characterized by persistent pain, edema, hyperpigmentation, induration of the skin, and stasis ulceration (214). The post-phlebrtic syndrome may be due to venous hypertension as a result of outflow obstruction or damage to the valves and in the cutaneous microcirculation may manifest as tissue hypoxia and lymphatic obstruction. Chronic venous insufficiency may lead to post-phlebetic syndrome. The syndrome may be the result of abnormalities in the superficial, the perforator, or the deep venous system. The diagnosis is purely clinical. The pharmacologic treament of post-phlebetic syndrome is rather limited, with pentoxifylline reported to improve the healing rate of skin ulcers. 

The concept that the scolex of adult cestodes is generally non-penetrative has been shown not to hold for species such as Echinococcus granulosus and E. multilocularis, where the scolex penetrates the crypts of Lieberkiihn and, occasionally, even the lamina propria (Fig. 9.5) often resulting in a complete breakdown of the mucosal epithelium. These species can be regarded as both tissue and lumenal parasites. That the scolex contact is close is reflected in the fact that anti-Echinococcus antibodies appear in dog sera 14 days post-infection (p.i.) (368). It is likely, however, that in many cestodes the scolex contact is more superficial and breakdown of the mucosa may not occur, especially in those species which undergo diurnal migration - see Chapter 9. 

These include comedonal, microcystic, papular and papu-lopustular acne, melasma, chloasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, photoaging, smoker s skin, fine lines, keratoses, and superficial solar lentigines. 

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