Position shift

Phenols of stmcture (4) are also claimed to show markedly improved dye stabiUty both in the presence of ferrous ion and, with a second carbonamido group in the 5-position, to simple thermal fade (62). Numerous substituent variations are described in the Hterature to adjust dye hue. A perfluoroacylamido in the 2-position shifts the hues bathochromicaHy while maintaining thermal stabHity of the dyes (63). Phenols of stmcture (5) are said to show outstanding light stabHity, which makes them especiaHy suitable for display materials like color paper (64). 

Anodic Inhibitors. Passivating or anodic inhibitors produce a large positive shift in the corrosion potential of a metal. There are two classes of anodic inhibitors which are used for metals and alloys where the anodic shift in potential promotes passivation, ie, anodic protection. The fkst class includes oxidking anions that can passivate a metal in the absence of oxygen. Chromate is a classical example of an oxidking anodic inhibitor for the passivation of steels. 

Cl Disperse Violet 26 is prepared by the reaction of l,4-diamino-2,3-dichloroanthraquinone (Cl Disperse Violet 28 (35)) with potassium phenoxide in phenol as a solvent at high temperature. Introduction of phenoxy groups into the 2,3-position shifts the shade to bright, reddish violet and improves the lightfastness and sublimation resistance. 

Equation (28) shows that changes in the structure of the interfacial region can lead to catalysis through purely physical factors, namely the distribution of potential (Frurakin, 1961). Thus, if the reactant is uncharged and a radical anion is generated, then a positive shift in 2 would lead to an increase in the rate of reaction. Marked effects of this... 

Figure 18-10 shows that the pH of an acetic acid solution is attenuated by added acetate anion. As acetate concentration increases, the equilibrium position shifts in the direction of more acetic acid and less H3 O. ... 

Ueno et al. [172] observed that CuInSe2/Ti with a composition close to the stoichiometric ratio (slight excess of metallic components) could be deposited exclusively at a specific potential value (-0.8 V vs. SCE) from a pH 1 bath of uncom-plexed precursors at 50-55 A positive shift in the potential was seen to result in the co-deposition of a Cu3Sc2 phase (umangite), while a negative shift led to contamination by metallic indium. On the basis of measured electrolysis charge, the overall reaction of the optimum cathodic process was considered to involve the transfer of 13 electrons per mole of the product ... 

Studies performed on CdS [282, 283] have revealed the importance of the microstructure, i.e., crystal structure, crystallite size, and geometrical surface area, in both the control of band structure and the concentration and mobility of charges, in relation to the photocatalytic performance of the photocatalyst. It has been shown also that the solubility product of CdS colloids prepared from acetate buffer aqueous solutions of suitable precursors increases from 7.2x 10 for large particles to about 10 for small (< 2.5 nm) particle colloids, this increase invoking a positive shift on the cathodic corrosion potential [284]. 

Rows 1-8 are the approximation filter coefficients and rows 9-16 represent the detail filter coefficients. At each next row the two coefficients are moved two positions (shift b equal to 2). This procedure is schematically shown in Fig. 40.43 for a signal consisting of 8 data points. Once W has been defined, the a wavelet transform coefficients are found by solving eq. (40.16), which gives ... 

Climent V, Herrero E, Eeliu JM. 2001. Positive shift of the potential of zero total charge of stepped Pt(lll) electrodes decorated by irreversibly adsorbed bismuth. Electrochem Comm 3 590-594. 

Phosphorus-31. Positive shifts are downfield of the reference 85% phosphoric acid, and are usually given without the appellation p.p.m. 

It was found that the log 5/pH curves were altered in the presence of as little as 0.5% v/v DMSO, in that the apparent pKa values, pA pp, derived from log S versus pH [481], were different from the true pKa values by about one log unit. The pA pp values were generally higher than the true pKa values for weak acids (positive shift), and lower than those for weak bases (negative shift). This has been called... 

Consider the case of a weak base, where the protonated, positively charged form self-associates to form aggregates, but the uncharged form does not. This may be the case with phenazopyridine (Fig. 6.12). Phenazopyridine is a base that consistently shows positive shifts in its apparent pKa, the opposite of what s expected... 

---