Porous carbon cathode

The Li-SOCl2 battery consists of a lithium-metal foil anode, a porous carbon cathode, a porous non-woven glass or polymeric separator between them, and an electrolyte containing thionyl chloride and a soluble salt, usually lithium tetrachloro-aluminate. Thionyl chloride serves as both the cathode active material and the elec-... 

Li-Al anodes have been combined in cells with CI2 in the Sohio Carb-Tek battery, operating with a molten salt electrolyte in the range of 400°-500°C. A porous carbon cathode and a BN separator were used. Addition of TeCla to the positive electrode increased the capacity in the 3.25-2.5V range. Although the battery presented many problems associated with the materials of the electrode, the casing and the seal, corrosion by CI2 being... 

If the porous carbon cathodes are coated with copper or rhenium and an NH4C1-containing electrolyte is used, glycol aldehyde is obtained in the reduction of oxalic add S22). 

Both the lithium sulfur dioxide (Li-SO and lithium thionyl chloride (Li-SOCy cells may be classified as liquid cathode systems. In these systems, S02 and SOCl2 function as solvents for the electrolyte, and as the active materials at the cathode to provide voltage and ampere capacity. As liquids, these solvents permeate the porous carbon cathode material. Lithium metal serves as the anode, and a polymer-bonded porous carbon is the cathode current collector in both systems. Both cells use a Teflon-bonded acetylene black cathode structure with metallic lithium as the anode. The Li-S02 is used in a spirally wound, jelly-roll construction to increase the surface area and improve... 

These cells are produced in cylindrical bobbin and spiral-wound designs as well as disc types. Large prismatic designs have also been produced in the past. These designs employ porous carbon cathodes with a nickel or stainless-steel current collector, a lithium anode, and a highly porous... 

The Li/S02 cell uses lithium as the anode and a porous carbon cathode electrode with sulfur dioxide as the active cathode material. The cell reachon mechaiusm is... 

The Li/SOCl2 cell consists of a lithium anode, a porous carbon cathode, and a nonaqueous SOCl2 LLAlCl4 electrolyte. Other electrolyte salts, such as LiGaCl4 have been employed for specialized applications. Thionyl chloride is both the electrolyte solvent and the active cathode material. There are considerable differences in electrolyte formulations and electrode characteristics. The proportions of anode, cathode, and thionyl chloride will vary depending on the manufacturer and the desired performance characteristics. Significant controversy exists as to the relative safety of anode-limited vs. cathode-limited designs. Some cells have one or more electrolyte additives. Catalysts, metallic powders, or other substances have been used in the carbon cathode or in the electrolyte to enhance performance. 

Nimon VY, Visco SJ, De Jonghe LC et al (2013) Modeling and experimental study of porous carbon cathodes in Ii-02 cells with non-aqueous electrolyte. ECS Electrochem Lett 2 A33— A35. doi 10.1149/2.004304eel... 

Fig. 2.50 Isothermal regime of electrolyte flow in the porous carbon cathode blocks 1—flow in permeable pores, with dimension below critical radius (25 pm) 2— flow in permeable pores with dimensions above critical diameter of pores...

The calculations showed two types of behavior of electrolyte flow through porous carbon cathode blocks [61-64] at startup ... 

Similar designs have been used in lithium chloride batteries, which operate at a temperature of 650 °C. The cell has the form Li(liq)/LiCl(liq)/Cl2(g), carbon. The two electrodes, liquid Li anode and the porous carbon cathode in which the chlorine gas is fed under pressure, are separated by a molten lithium chloride electrolyte. The overall cell reaction is ... 

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