Porous Anodic Aluminum Oxides

Numerous publications have been devoted to the investigation of the morphology of porous oxides of aluminum. Pores of virtually 

It should be noted that anodization regimes have a major effect on oxide geometry. Palibroda233,234 has summarized the empirical dependences of the pore diameter, d, the density of pores, n, and the lifetime of initial barrier growth, r, on the ratio of the anodic voltage to the limiting voltage, Uamax, as follows  

Ebihara et al.224 have put forward a similar dependence of cell size on the anodic voltage  

Review of Different Aspects of Aluminum Oxide Morphology 

Electrolyte used Method of analysis Morphological parameters studied Reference 

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Routkevitch D, Bigioni T, Moskovits M, Xu JM (1996) Electrochemical fabrication of CdS nanowire arrays in porous anodic aluminum oxide templates. J Phys Chem 100 14037-14047... 

Itaya, K., S. Sugawara, K. Arai and S. Saito. 1984. Properties of porous anodic aluminum oxide films as membranes. J. Cheim. Eng. Japan 17(5) 514-20. 

Smith, A. W. 1973. Porous anodic aluminum oxide membrane. J. Electrochem. Soc. 120(8) 1068-69. 

Fumeaux, R. C., A. P. Davidson and M. D. Ball. 1987. Porous anodic aluminum oxide membrane catalyst support. European Patent Appl. 0,244,970A1. 

Porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) which characterized by a closely packed regular array of columnar cells is well-established and widely-used material for formation of nanostructures for SERS [2,3]. Particularly, promising SERS-active substrates were prepared by vacuum deposition of silver onto commercially available alumina filters with open pores of 200-300 nm diameters [4], Nanowires and nanorods have been fabricated by filling the AAO pores with transition- or noble-metals. However, due to multistage procedure these nanoarrays being sensitive are rather complicated in fabrication. 

A two-dimensional cylindrical confinement of spherical micelles formed by a copolymer inside a porous anodic aluminum oxide template leads to the formation of mesoporous Si02 nanorods. About 0.1 g of a block copolymer, polyethylene-co-butylene-block-polyethylene oxide (PHB-PEO), is dissolved in about 1 mL of ethanol with mild heating. The copolymer forms spherical micelles under this condition. To this about 0.5 g of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and 0.25 g of HCl is added and the solution is stirred for 2 h. The porous anodic aluminum oxide templates are loaded now with a drop of the above precursor solution. After filling the template, the excess precursor solution containing the polymer and silica is wiped out. The template is aged at 25°C for about 24 h followed by calcination at 550°C. Finally, the template is removed with 5% H3PO4 at... 

Routkevitch, D., Bigioni, T., Moskovits, M, and Xu, J. M. Electrochemical Fabrication of CdS Nanrrowite Aays in Porous Anodic Aluminum Oxide Templates. The Journal of PItysical Chemistry, 100(33), 14037-14047(1996). 

Shen CM, Zhang XG, Li HL (2001) DC electrochemical deposition of CdSe nanorods array using porous anodic aluminum oxide template. Mater Sci Eng A303 19... 

Figure 16.2.2 (A) Schematic drawing of the porous anodic aluminum oxide layer that is formed...

Lee W, Park SJ (2014) Porous anodic aluminum oxide anodization and templated synthesis of functional nanostructures. Chem Rev 114 7487-7556... 

A self-aligning silver NP substrate was fabricated by Huang et al. (2011). A porous anodic aluminum oxide film was used for directing the silver NPs. Adenine was a test substance in SERS experiments and an enhancement of 10 was achieved. 

Wang, W., Li, N., Li, X., Geng, W. and Qiu, S. (2006) Synthesis of metallic nanotube arrays in porous anodic aluminum oxide template through electroless deposition. Materials Research Bulletin, 41,1417-23. 

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