Decontamination polyurethane sponge

At the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, an enzyme immobilized polyurethane foam sponge to decontaminate the skin of chemical warfare agents in a wide variety of... 

Our group recently reported iodinated polyurethane (IPU) sponges. The IPU sponges were coated with ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), to release iodine in a controlled rate for water decontamination combined with active carbon cartridge, which adsorbs the iodine residues after the microbial inactivation. Controlled and stable iodine release was observed with the EVA-coated IPU sponges and was effective in deactivating the bacteria and virus present in the contaminated water (Figure 8.12). Thus, these iodinated... 

Gordon, R., Baker, K., Askins, L., Ratcliffe, R., Lindsay, D., Owens, R. et al. (2006). Chemical warfare agents (organophosphates and vesicant) and biological decontamination and detoxification using polyurethane sponges. Toxicologist 9fS 393. 

As described above (see Section VILA), soluble ChE and oxime together detoxify OP compounds. These features were combined to developed a sponge product composed of ChE (FBS-AChE and EqBChE), organophosphate hydrolase (rabbit or bacterial OPH), oxime (2-PAM or HI-6), and polyurethane foam combinations for the removal and decontamination of OP compounds from medically important biological surfaces such as skin. This is an important extension of the bioscavenger approach to external decontamination and protection against organophosphate toxicity, since currently... 

O. Aviv, N. Laout, S. Ratner, O. Harik, K.R. Kundura, A.J. Domb, Controlled iodine release from polyurethane sponges for water decontamination, J. Controlled Release 172 (2013) 634-640. 

To increase the OP/enz5mie stoichiometry, polyurethane-immobilized enzymes were combined with oximes (enzyme reactivators such as HI-6 Peter et al., 2007) so that the catalytic activity of OP-inhibited AChE (or BChE) is rapidly and continuously restored before irreversible aging of the enzyme-OP complex can occur. Thus, the OP is continuously detoxified. A reusable immobilized-enzyme sponge of ChEs and oximes for OP decontamination is the envisioned product. Next, it... 

Gordon, R.K., Owens, R.R., Askins, L.Y., et al, 2006. Formulation of polyurethane sponges for chemical, biological and radiological decontamination and detoxification Proceedings of the 2006 Medical Defense Bioscience Review. United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, Therapeutics, 43-44. 

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