Polystyrene interpenetrating polymer

Miyata T et al. (1996) Preparation of polydimethylsiloxane/polystyrene interpenetrating polymer network membranes and permeation of aqueous ethanol solutions through the membranes by pervaporation. J Appl Poly Sci 61(8) 1315—1324... 

Cro5S -Poly(vinyl methyl ether)-/nter-Cro 5 -Polystyrene Interpenetrating Polymer Networks... 

POLY(2,6 DIMETHYL l,4-PHENYLENE OXIDE) POLYSTYRENE INTERPENETRATING POLYMER NETWORKS... 

Poly(2,6-Dimethyl-1,4-Phenylene Oxide) Polystyrene Interpenetrating Polymer Networks H.L. Frisch, D. Klempner, H.K. Yoon and K.C. Frisch... 

Mathew, A.P., Packirisamy, S., Thomas, S. Studies on the thermal stability of natural rubber/polystyrene interpenetrating polymer networks thermogravimetric analysis. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 72, 423 39 (2001)... 

A. J. Curtius, M. J. Covitch, D. A. Thomas, and L. H. Sperling, Polybutadiene/Polystyrene Interpenetrating Polymer Networks, Polym. Eng. Sci. 12(2), 101 (1972). Polybutadiene/Polystyrene Network. Interpenetrating polymer network. Impact resistance and glass transition studies. 

S. C. Kim, D. Klempner, K. C. Frisch, H. L. Frisch, and H. Ghiradella, Polyurethane-Polystyrene Interpenetrating Polymer Networks, Polym. Eng. Sci. 15(5), 339 (1975). Polystyrene/polyurethane SINs. Phase Separation. Tg and mechanical behavior. 

Figure 3.1 The swelling coefficient, Q, reaches a maximum when the solubility parameter of the solvent nearly matches that of the polymer, for several cross-linked systems polyurethane ( ), polystyrene (A), and a polyurethane-polystyrene interpenetrating polymer networks ( ) (9). Solvents having solubility parameters near 2 x 10 (J/m ) will swell the IPN best.

Sheu and coworkers [111] produced polysty-rene-polydivinylbenzene latex interpenetrating polymer networks by the seeded emulsion polymerization of styrene-divinylbenzene in the crosslinked uniform polystyrene particles. In this study, a series of uniform polystyrene latexes with different sizes between 0.6 and 8.1... 

The advances in polymer blending and alloying technology have occurred through three routes (1) similar-rheology polymer pairs, (2) miscible polymers such as polyphenylene oxide and polystyrene, or (3) interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs). All these systems were limited to specific polymer combinations that have an inherent physical affinity for each other. However with... 

Hamurcu EE, Baysal BM. (1995) Interpenetrating polymer networks of poly(dimethylsiloxane) with polystyrene, polybutadiene and poly(glycerylpropoxytriacrylate) Macromol. Chem. Phys. 196 1261-76... 

This can be achieved either by impregnation of a preformed gel, or by adding these monomers to the alkoxide solution. In this case, the simultaneous polymerization of organic and inorganic precursors leads to IPN (Interpenetrating Polymer Network) hybrids where both cross-linked gels are associated at the molecular level, as demonstrated for PDMAAm- and polystyrene-silica materials (Figure 4b). ... 

The term interpenetrating polymer networks was coined by John Millar in 1960, who prepared homo-IPNs (an IPN with both polymers identical) of polystyrene [Millar, I960]. Millar knew about Solt s work, and his objective was to increase the size of suspension particles of polystyrene intended for ion-exchange applications. 

When the process involves two competitive reactions, some people prrfer to call those modified polymers interpenetrated polymer networks (IPNs) [5]. The formation of a polyether-urethane network in a loosely crosslinked poly(methyl methacrylate) matrix to increase its toughness can serve as one of the examples. From a general point of view, the analysis of the reaction-induced phase separation is the same (perhaps more complex) for IPNs than for rubber-modified epoxies or for high-impact polystyrene. 

Fernandez, A.M., Murphy, C. J., DeCosta, M.T. et al. (1983) Vemonia oil characterization and polymerization and simultaneous interpenetrating polymer networks based on vemonia oil-sebacic acid/polystyrene-DVB compositions. Polymer Science and Technology (Plenum), 17, 273-288. 

In situ polymerization to prepare immiscible blends was pioneered by Watkins and McCarthy [108], stimulating other researchers to apply this methodology to prepare novel polymer blends [109-112], fiber-reinforced composite materials[39], and electrically conducting composites [66, 67, 113-116]. Polymer blends produced in this manner include polystyrene/poly(vinyl chloride) [117, 118], polysty-rene/PET [119], nanometer-dispersed polypropylene/polystyrene interpenetrating networks [120], polypropylene/polystyrene [121] and polyethylene/polystyrene [122]. The resultant polymer blend may have a unique morphology compared to the traditionally prepared counterpart (if it is feasible to prepare such a blend via conventional procedures) and therefore demands a thorough investigation. 

ASPECTS OF RELATIVE NETWORK CONTINUITY AND PHYSICAL CROSSLINKS VIA AN ANALYSIS OF POLYSTYRENE/POLYSTYRENE HOMO-INTERPENETRATING POLYMER NETWORK LITERATURE... 

A. FIPN s, PDIPN s and linear blends of poly(2,6-dimethy1-1,4-phenylene oxide) and polystyrene all exhibited single phase behavior as evidenced by glass transition analysis and electron microscopy. Thus, for the first time, true interpenetrating polymer networks have been produced, i.e., homogeneous morphology with little or no possibilities of covalent bonds between the component pol3nners. 

Characterisation of Glass Transition Behaviour in Interpenetrating Polymer Networks The multi-phase nature of IPNs results in complicated glass transition behaviour [101]. Figure 3.46 shows that heat capacity changes with temperature for a series 60 40 polyurethane (PU)/ polystyrene (PS) IPNs (see Table 3.5 for the compositional details) [131,132]. It is, however, not possible to obtain much detailed information from these heat capacity signals. 

Figure 23.9 shows DB plots of SANS data from polystyrene-polybutadiene interpenetrating polymer networks [47]. 

IPN Interpenetrating polymer network IPS Isotactic polystyrene IR Synthetic c/s-l,4-polyisoprene... 

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