Interpenetrating polystyrene networks

Sheu and coworkers [111] produced polysty-rene-polydivinylbenzene latex interpenetrating polymer networks by the seeded emulsion polymerization of styrene-divinylbenzene in the crosslinked uniform polystyrene particles. In this study, a series of uniform polystyrene latexes with different sizes between 0.6 and 8.1... 

The advances in polymer blending and alloying technology have occurred through three routes (1) similar-rheology polymer pairs, (2) miscible polymers such as polyphenylene oxide and polystyrene, or (3) interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs). All these systems were limited to specific polymer combinations that have an inherent physical affinity for each other. However with... 

Miyata T et al. (1996) Preparation of polydimethylsiloxane/polystyrene interpenetrating polymer network membranes and permeation of aqueous ethanol solutions through the membranes by pervaporation. J Appl Poly Sci 61(8) 1315—1324... 

Hamurcu EE, Baysal BM. (1995) Interpenetrating polymer networks of poly(dimethylsiloxane) with polystyrene, polybutadiene and poly(glycerylpropoxytriacrylate) Macromol. Chem. Phys. 196 1261-76... 

Cro5S -Poly(vinyl methyl ether)-/nter-Cro 5 -Polystyrene Interpenetrating Polymer Networks... 

This can be achieved either by impregnation of a preformed gel, or by adding these monomers to the alkoxide solution. In this case, the simultaneous polymerization of organic and inorganic precursors leads to IPN (Interpenetrating Polymer Network) hybrids where both cross-linked gels are associated at the molecular level, as demonstrated for PDMAAm- and polystyrene-silica materials (Figure 4b). ... 

The term interpenetrating polymer networks was coined by John Millar in 1960, who prepared homo-IPNs (an IPN with both polymers identical) of polystyrene [Millar, I960]. Millar knew about Solt s work, and his objective was to increase the size of suspension particles of polystyrene intended for ion-exchange applications. 

Summarizing our experience with hypercrosslinked polystyrene networks, as well as with conventional gel-type and macroporous copolymers, we beheve that the topology of the network was undeservedly neglected by all theoretical treatments. By this we particularly mean that a network must be considered as an ensemble of interconnected and interpenetrating meshes or cycles, rather than as a combination of chains and junctions. 

When the process involves two competitive reactions, some people prrfer to call those modified polymers interpenetrated polymer networks (IPNs) [5]. The formation of a polyether-urethane network in a loosely crosslinked poly(methyl methacrylate) matrix to increase its toughness can serve as one of the examples. From a general point of view, the analysis of the reaction-induced phase separation is the same (perhaps more complex) for IPNs than for rubber-modified epoxies or for high-impact polystyrene. 

Fernandez, A.M., Murphy, C. J., DeCosta, M.T. et al. (1983) Vemonia oil characterization and polymerization and simultaneous interpenetrating polymer networks based on vemonia oil-sebacic acid/polystyrene-DVB compositions. Polymer Science and Technology (Plenum), 17, 273-288. 

ASPECTS OF RELATIVE NETWORK CONTINUITY AND PHYSICAL CROSSLINKS VIA AN ANALYSIS OF POLYSTYRENE/POLYSTYRENE HOMO-INTERPENETRATING POLYMER NETWORK LITERATURE... 

POLY(2,6 DIMETHYL l,4-PHENYLENE OXIDE) POLYSTYRENE INTERPENETRATING POLYMER NETWORKS... 

A. FIPN s, PDIPN s and linear blends of poly(2,6-dimethy1-1,4-phenylene oxide) and polystyrene all exhibited single phase behavior as evidenced by glass transition analysis and electron microscopy. Thus, for the first time, true interpenetrating polymer networks have been produced, i.e., homogeneous morphology with little or no possibilities of covalent bonds between the component pol3nners. 

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