Polysaccharides copolymers

Maruyama, A, Ishihara, T., Kim, J.S., Kim, S.W. and Akaike, T. (1997) Nanoparticle DNA carrier with poly(L-lysine) grafted polysaccharide copolymer and poly(D,L-lactic acid). Bioconjug. Chem., 8, 735-742. 

N. K. Kochetkov, B. A. Dmitriev, A. Y. Chernyak, and A. B. Levinsky, A new type of carbohydrate-containing synthetic antigen Synthesis of carbohydrate-containing polysaccharide copolymers with the specificity of 0 3 and 0 4 factors of Salmonella, Carbohydr. Res, 110 (1982) cl6-c20. 

Microwave irradiation significantly reduces the use of toxic solvents, as well as the reaction time for almost all the grafting reactions of interest here, ensuring high yields, product selectivity and clean product formations. Microwave-synthesized polysaccharide copolymers exhibit better properties for commercial exploitation than their conventionally synthesized counterparts [11,23]. 

Incorporate Titratable Groups into the Polysaccharide Copolymer Backbone... 

Incorporate Acidic ph-induced Cleavable Bonds into the Polysaccharide Copolymer... 

Carboxymethylcellulose, polyethylene glycol Combination of a cellulose ether with clay Amide-modified carboxyl-containing polysaccharide Sodium aluminate and magnesium oxide Thermally stable hydroxyethylcellulose 30% ammonium or sodium thiosulfate and 20% hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) Acrylic acid copolymer and oxyalkylene with hydrophobic group Copolymers acrylamide-acrylate and vinyl sulfonate-vinylamide Cationic polygalactomannans and anionic xanthan gum Copolymer from vinyl urethanes and acrylic acid or alkyl acrylates 2-Nitroalkyl ether-modified starch Polymer of glucuronic acid... 

Gref R, Rodrigues J, Couvreur P (2002) Polysaccharides grafted with polyesters novel amphiphilic copolymers for biomedical applications. Macromolecules 35 9861-9867... 

Polysaccharides are hydrophilic natural polymers that can be degraded enzymatically. Block copolymers containing polysaccharide as a block were reviewed recently... 

The synthesis of block copolymers of polysaccharides and aliphatic polyesters has also been tried. But, many successful results were not reported because the reactivity of many hydroxyl groups on polysaccharides was an obstacle to the ROP of cyclic polyester or coupling reactions using terminal-activated polysaccharides. Li and Zhang reported the synthesis of maltoheptaose-b-PCL copolymers by ROP... 

Many polymers have been studied for their usefulness in producing pharmacologically active complexes with proteins or drugs. Synthetic and natural polymers such as polysaccharides, poly(L-lysine) and other poly(amino acids), poly(vinyl alcohols), polyvinylpyrrolidinones, poly(acrylic acid) derivatives, various polyurethanes, and polyphosphazenes have been coupled to with a diversity of substances to explore their properties (Duncan and Kopecek, 1984 Braatz et al., 1993). Copolymer preparations of two monomers also have been tried (Nathan et al., 1993). 

Metal ions of transition and other elements of variable valency, e.g. Ce, Co, Fe, V, Mn, etc., are known to oxidize polysaccharides rather selectively, producing macroradicals as intermediates which are capable of adding vinyl monomers and form graft copolymers. These initiators are redox systems which differ from those previously described by not producing free radicals of low molecular weight. Only macroradicals on the substrate are formed in the redox reaction. Some homopolymer may still be formed in the process, e.g. due to oxidation of monomer or other side reactions. ... 

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