Polyphenylene vinylenes

S.H. Askari, S.D. Rughooputh, and F. Wudl, Soluble substituted-polyphenylene vinylene (PPV) conducting polymers spectroscopic studies, Synth. Met., 29 E129-E134, 1989. 

F. Wudl and H.M. Peters, Highly Soluble, Conductive, Luminescent Polyphenylene Vinylenes, and Products and Uses Thereof, PCT Patent Appl. WO 94/20589, September 15, 1994. 

F. Wudl and S. Hoger, Highly Organic Solvent Soluble, Water Insoluble Electroluminescent Polyphenylene Vinylenes having Pendant Steroid Group and Products and Uses Thereof, U.S. Patent 5,679,757, October 21, 1997. 

Another approach to CPL is the synthesis of conjugated polymers with intrinsic chiro-optical properties. A variety of polymers with CPPL have been synthesized so far. Most of them are based upon well-known conjugated polymers such as poly(thiophene)s [4,111], polyphenylene vinylene)s [123], poly(thienylene vinylene)s [124], ladder polymers [125], PPPs [126], polyphenylene ethynylene)s, [127] and poly(fluorenes) [128]. All of them have been modified with chiral side-chains, which induce the chiro-optical properties. 

Polymer nanotubes composites are now extensively studied. Indeed, one may associate the properties of the polymer with those of nanotubes. This is the case of the mechanical reinforcement of standard polymer for example, but also one can take advantage of the specific electronic properties of the nanotubes. Therefore, we prepared composites with either saturated polymers like polymethylmethacrylate and MWNTs [27]. The electrical conductivity of these compounds as a function of the nanotube content exhibits for example a very low percolation threshold, (a few % in mass) and therefore they can be used as conducting and transparent layers in electronic devices such as Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs). Another type of composite that we have studied is based on the use of a conjugated polymer, polyphenylene-vinylene (PPV) known for its photoluminescence properties and SWNTs. We prepared this composite by mixing SWNTs to the precursor polymer of PPV. The conversion into PPV was subsequently performed by a thermal treatment at 300°C under dynamical vacuum [28],... 

The following aspects will be addressed. (1) Conjugated polymers with benzene-derived repeat units (section II) typical examples are the already mentioned poly-/>phenylene (PPP) 6,43 polyphenylene-vinylenes (PPV) 9,43 and polyphenyleneethinylenes (PPE) 25.44 Some typical questions are obvious how do the aromatic or olefinic units interact via the formal single bonds and how far does an extra charge or an excitation delocalize over the chain. (2) Large... 

Corma Canos [3] prepared electroluminescent materials by encapsulating polyphenylene-vinylene derivatives in an CsX zeolite. 

Low molecular weight hydrocarbon liquid crystals have been known for some time. A review of the effects of various structural elements on the properties of low molecular weight hydrocarbon liquid crystals may be found in the literature ( ). However, with the exception of the work being performed in our laboratory (7-91. all-hydrocarbon LC polymers have received relatively little attention. A recent report by Memeger describes substituted polyphenylene vinylene polymers that were... 

The structural analysis using high resolution solid-state NMR has been successfully performed on other conducting polymers such as polyphenylene vinylene [21], polyaniline [22-24], polyphenylene sulphide [25, 26] and poly-p-phenylene [27-29]. 

Figure 6.4 Raman-spectroscopic monitoring of a polymerization reaction conducted in a microreactor to form a semiconducting polymer on basis of a polyphenylene-vinylene structure for OLED applications. The C—C double bond at 1580cm that is formed during reaction progress undergoes a strong increase in intensity that allows the determination of the macroscopic reaction rate.

Polythiophene Polyphenylene vinylene Figure 6.2 Repeat units of intrinsically conductive polymers (ICPs). 

Structural studies of polymer surfaces. Materials that have been studied include PMMA [239], PMMA-polypyrrole composites [240], polyfchloromethyl styrene) honnd 1,4,8,11-tetrazacyclotetradecane, polyfchloromethyl styrene) honnd thenoyl triflnoroacetone [241], poly(dimethyl siloxane)-polyamide copolymers [242], PS [243], ion-implanted PE [244], monoazido-terminated polyethylene oxide [245], polynrethanes [246], polyaniline [247], flnorinated polymer films [248], poly(o-tolnidine) [249], polyetherimide and poly benzimidazole [250], polyfnllerene palladinm [251], imidazole-containing imidazolylethyl maleamic acid-octadecyl vinyl ether copolymer [252], polyphenylene vinylene ether [253], thiophene oligomers [254], flnorinated styrene-isoprene derivative of a methyl methacrylate-hydroxyethyl methacrylate copolymer [255], polythiophene [256], dibromoalkane-hexaflnorisopropylidene diphenol and bisphenol A [257], and geopolymers [258]. 

Polypyrrole and polythiophene, both first described in 1963 as electrically conducting materials [la], experienced a renaissance when Diaz and Street gave new attention to the electrochemical oxidation of pyrrole [21], and Gamier to the polythiphene field transistor. Polyphenylene vinylene, polyaniline, polyphenylene sulfide, polycarbazole, polyindole, polypyrene and polyene fulvene are just a few of the large number of electrically conducting polymers with specific properties and interest [22]. 

Another interesting development from Philips, this time in conjunction with the University of Amsterdam, is a simple polymer-based electroluminescent device which can be switched between glowing red or green merely by reversing the current flow. The polymer used is a semi-conducting derivative of polyphenylene vinylene blended with a phosphorescent complex consisting of two... 

FIGURE 10.2 (a) Polyaniline in oxidized state (y= 1 leucoemeraldine y=0.5 emer-aldine y = 0 pemigraniline) (b) polypyrrole (c) polyphenylene vinylene (d) polythi-enopyrrole (e) poly(paraphenylene) (f) polythiophene (g) polyphenylene sulfide (h) polyfuran (i) poly(diphenylamine) (j) polypyridine (k) polyfluorene (1) poly(phenylene vinylene) (m) polyacetylene (n) poly(thienylene vinylene) (o) poly(furylene vinylene) and (p) poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). 

Hubijar E, Papadimitratos A, Lee D, Zakhidov A, Ferraris IP. Synthesis and charachter-ization of a novel symetrical sulfone-substituted polyphenylene vinylene (SO EH-PPV) for application in light emitting devices. J Phys Chem B 2013 117 4442-4448. 

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