Electroluminescence, polyphenylene

F. Wudl and S. Hoger, Highly Organic Solvent Soluble, Water Insoluble Electroluminescent Polyphenylene Vinylenes having Pendant Steroid Group and Products and Uses Thereof, U.S. Patent 5,679,757, October 21, 1997. 

H. Saadeh, T. Goodson, III, and L. Yu, Synthesis of a polyphenylene-co-furan and polyphenylene-co-thiophene and comparison of their electroluminescent properties, Macromolecules, 30 4608 4612, 1997. 

Corma Canos [3] prepared electroluminescent materials by encapsulating polyphenylene-vinylene derivatives in an CsX zeolite. 

Since the polyphenylene materials are manufactured for electroluminescent devices, it is essential that the chains be uniform and not include alien fragments that may come, for example, from participation of aryl gronps of phosphine ligands in the cross-conpling. Therefore, a phosphine-free protocol eliminating this problem is a valuable method in this area. 

Another interesting development from Philips, this time in conjunction with the University of Amsterdam, is a simple polymer-based electroluminescent device which can be switched between glowing red or green merely by reversing the current flow. The polymer used is a semi-conducting derivative of polyphenylene vinylene blended with a phosphorescent complex consisting of two... 

Fig. 29.14 Electroluminescence spectra for the ladder polyphenylene of the type shown in Fig. 29.4, with Ri = C6H4-C10H21, R2 = C6H13, and = H. The ladder polymer is diluted with polystyrene, so the weight fraction of the ladder polymer is (a) 30%. (b) 10%, and (c) 1%. Note that blend (a) shows yellow emission and blend (c) shows substantially blue emission. (From Ref. 66.)...

Electroluminescence is observed with very different polymer systems. Polyphenylenes, Polyphenylene ethinylenes or polyhetero cycles can be used besides... 

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