Polymodality

These are a subset of sensory neurons having their cell bodies (small to medium size) in dorsal root and in cranial nerve ganglia and possessing nonmyelinated (C-type) or thinly myelinated (A-delta type) fibres. This subset of neurons express transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1, or vanilloid, or capsaicin receptor) that is excited by capsaicin, the pungent ingredient of chilli. These neurons have been classified as polymodal nociceptors because they can be excited by various noxious stimuli. 

Nociceptors are a specific subset of peripheral sensory organs, which respond to noxious stimuli. A8 mechan-oreceptors and C-polymodal nociceptors are the two main classes of cutaneous nociceptors. The sensory quality of pain evoked by activation of A8-fibres is... 

This can result in polymodality of the molecular weight distribution when the exchange between the chain carriers is slow and they lead to the independent growth. Polymodality of the MWD is observed indeed. This phenomenon has been explained by differences in diffusion of the short and long polymer chains, but multiplicity of the chain carriers seems to us to be a more probable explanation. 

Thermal nociceptors and mechanical nociceptors are associated with A-delta fibers. These are small myelinated fibers that transmit impulses at a rate of 5 to 30 m/sec. Polymodal nociceptors are associated with C fibers. These are small unmyelinated fibers that transmit impulses at a rate generally less than 1.0 m/sec (range of 0.5 to 2.0 m/sec). 

The lactic acid and other noxious chemicals stimulate polymodal nociceptors. 

Muscle spasm. The pain induced by muscle spasm results partially from the direct effect of tissue distortion on mechanical nociceptors. Muscle spasm also causes tissue ischemia. The increased muscle tension compresses blood vessels and decreases blood flow. Furthermore, the increased rate of metabolism associated with the spasm exacerbates the ischemia. As discussed earlier, ischemia leads to stimulation of polymodal nociceptors. 

Genes responsible for touch detection in C. elegans have been identified and suggest a model for mechanical transduction 834 Polymodal sensory neurons in C. elegans are also mechanoreceptors 835 Drosophila bristle receptors and chordotonal organs are surface mechanoreceptors 835... 

Polymodal sensory neurons in C. elegans are also mechanoreceptors. Polymodal sensory neurons in C. elegans seem to fall into the TRP class of mechanoreceptors as they apparently rely on several TRP channels for mechanosensation [4]. These sensory neurons respond to nose touch, hyperosmolarity and volatile repellents by triggering a backward response in the worm the OSM-9 and OCR-2 channels apparently mediate these responses, and the pathways differ for each sensory modality. However, little is known about the transduction mechanism in these cells. 

Harding, J. P. (1949). The use of probability paper for the graphical analysis of polymodal frequency distributions. Journal of the Marine Biobgical Association, 28, 141-153. 

The function v(D) can be measured experimentally, or in some cases be simulated as normal, lognormal, etc. distribution. It is also possible to obtain polymodal distributions with several max-imums or some special kind of distribution. For example, the distribution of the particles formed by crashing is frequently described by a Rosin-Rammler distribution [51,52] as... 

Polymerizations often afford polymodal product molecular weight distributions,18 with typically a low molecular weight fraction of several hundred daltons (fraction I), an intermediate fraction of about 4,000 (fraction II) and then a high molecular weight fraction of 10s or 106 (fraction III), though the relative proportions of the fractions depend... 

FIGURE 5.1 Cluster model of amylopectin. A and B denote nomenclature of branch chains, 0=reducing end, c.l. = chain length in degree of polymerization. Reprinted from Carbohydrate Research, Vol. 147, Hizukuri (1986), Polymodal distribution of the chain lengths of amylopectin, and its significance, Pages 342-347, with permission from Elsevier. 

Hizukuri, S. (1986). Polymodal distribution of the chain lengths of amylopectin, and its significance. Carbohydr. Res. 147,342-347. 

Figure 6 shows calibration curves for three other two column combinations, each representing 30,000 to 40,000 plates per set. The 10 A° plus 10 A° curve can be interpreted to show a deficiency in relative pore population in the range equivalent to about 50,000 to 600,000 molecular weight. The other two, properly calibrated, can conceivably be used for determination of molecular weight distributions. However, utility for resolution of specific polymodal mixtures is too difficult to assess from calibration curve alone. How much curvature of a calibration curve translates into utility or non-utility Calibration curves indicating pore size populations all have the same shape for given column combinations whether the plate count level is 5000 plates or 20,000 plates or 80,000 plates. 

Figure ll indicates the performance of three and one column banks of 10 A°, 10 A or 10 A° columns using polymodal Probe Mix... 

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