Polymers statistics

Amphiphile-oil-water system, temperature of, 16 424-426 Amphiphiles, 16 420 Amphiphile strength, 6 424 Amphiphilic chemicals, 17 56 Amphiphilic copolymers, 20 482 behavior of, 20 483 well-defined, 20 485-490 Amphiphilic molecules, 15 99-101 Amphiphilic plasticizers, 14 480 Amphiphilic polymer blend, 23 720 Amphiphilic polymers statistical, 20 484-490 stimuli-responsive, 20 482-483 Ampholytes, 9 746-747 Amphoteric cyclocopolymers, water-soluble, 23 721 Amphoteric starches, 4 722 Amphoteric (zwitterionic) surfactants, 24 148... 

Assuming that all B groups have the same reactivity, the chemical reaction giving rise to a branched molecule is identical to the reaction resulting in a linear polymer. Statistically this will eventually result in a hyperbranched polymer. However, dependent on the chemical structure of the monomer, steric effects might favor the growth of linear polymers. Computer simulations of of ABX-monomer condensation and AB -monomers co-condensed with B-functional... 

Dendritic polymers, the fourth major architectural class of macromolecules, can be divided into three subclasses. These subclasses may be visualized according to the degree of structural perfection attained, namely (1) hyperbranched polymers (statistical structures, Chapter 7), (2) dendrigraft polymers (semi-controlled structures, reviewed in this chapter) and (3) dendrimers (controlled structures, Chapter 1). 

A number of different types of copolymers are possible with ATRP—statistical (random), gradient, block, and graft copolymers [Matyjaszewski, 2001]. Other polymer architectures are also possible—hyperbranched, star, and brush polymers, and functionalized polymers. Statistical and gradient copolymers are discussed in Chap. 6. Functionalized polymers are discussed in Sec. 3-16b. 

P.J. Flory, Principles of Polymer Chemistry, Cornell University Press, Ithaca NY (1953). (The "blble" for polymer chemistry and physics, including polymer statistics emd polymers in solution. Old. but still valuable.)... 

For this reason, computer simulation methods (Monte Carlo and molecular and Brownian dynamic methods) have been developed not only for solving the problems of polymer statistics, but also for the investigation of the dynamic properties and the intramolecular mobility of polymers. 

Freed, K.F. Functional integrals and polymer statistics. Adv. Chem. Phys. 1972, 22,1. 

The junctions of the cluster network have definite sizes (the length of the cluster segment is assumed to be equal to that of the polymer statistical segment [1]. 

Pietronero, L. Peliti, L. Probability of survival and factor of intensification in polymers statistics. In book Fractals in Physics. Ed. Pietronero, L. Tosatti, L. Amsterdam, Oxford, New York, Tokyo, North-Holland, 1986,117-121. 

H. Yamakawa, Polymer statistical mechanics, Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem. 25, 179(1974). 

Conformation of macromolecules in solid state and in solution exhibits both many contingencies and restrictions. Coiled conformation of macromolecules is most appropriate for majority of methods employed for molecular characterization of polymers. Statistical coils of macromolecules in equilibrium exhibit large conformational entropy. Any external intervention that leads to a change in the conformation of macromolecules has to surmoimt considerable resistance, which is cormected with the loss of overall conformational entropy. 

H. Yamakawa, Modern Theory of Polymer Solutions, Harper and Row, New York, 1971. H. Yamakawa, Polymer statistical mechanics, Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem. 25, 179 (1974). 

In the 1970s a new theory of polymers, taking account of correlations between monomers, was developed based on the analogy found between polymer statistics and critical phenomena [105]. For the chemical potential of mixing in the semidilute region scaling theory yields... 

Nitta considers some polymer statistical results for the variety of chains of branched acyclic molecules (such as alkanes). 

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