Polymers octylphenol ethoxylate

Many different types of foaming agents are used, but nonionic surfactants are the most common, eg, ethoxylated fatty alcohols, fatty acid alkanolamides, fatty amine oxides, nonylphenol ethoxylates, and octylphenol ethoxylates, to name a few (see Alkylphenols). Anionic surfactants can be used, but with caution, due to potential complexing with cationic polymers commonly used in mousses. 

Liang, Z., Marshall, A. G., and Westmoreland, D. G., "Determination of Molecular Weight Distributions of tert-Octylphenol Ethoxylate Surfactant Polymers by Laser Desorption Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography," Anal. Chem., 63,815-818,1991. 

This technique coupled to HPLC has been used to determine the molecular weight of ter -octylphenol-ethoxylate surfactant polymers [235]. Schriemer and Li [236] used MALDI-MS to detect high molecular weight narrow polydisperse polymers up to 1.5 X 10 daltons. 

Nonionic Surfactants. Gelman (10) studied the effect of a nonionic surfactant (Triton X-100, an ethoxylated octylphenol surfactant containing 67.5 wt % ethylene oxide) on the viscosity of two CieHMHECs. The results are shown in Figure 13. The Brookfield viscosity of these polymers along with that of the unmodified HEC is included for comparison. In the presence of 0.5% surfactant, there was a dramatic drop in viscosity. In fact, at this surfactant level, the HMHEC viscosity profile was very similar to that of the control HEC. The following explanation has been offered to account for these findings. 

The high mass resolution that can be obtained by delayed extraction MAEDI-TOF has permitted the characterization of two poly(ethylene glycol) derivatives of pharmaceutical significance, PEG-bis(ephedrine) and PEG-bis(acefaminophenone). MALDI analysis confirmed that these polymers have ephedrine or acetaminophenone linked at both ends. End-group characterization, by MALDI-TOF, of derivatized and underivatized samples of octylphenol-teminated PEG revealed that the addition of carboxylic ends substantially enhances the detectability of these ethoxylated polymers. ... 

Figure 1 Reversed-phase isocratic separation of octylphenoxy-terminated polyethylene oxide. Numbers indicate degree of polymerization. Expanded peaks - oligomers of butylphenol ethoxylate, major oligomers - oligomers of octylphenol ethoxy-late. (Reproduced with permission from Pasch H andTrathnigg B (1999) HPLC of Polymers. Berlin Springer Springer-Verlag.)...

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