Polymers fuel cell catalysts

Following early ETEM investigations using environmental cells, environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) has been developed for characterization of surface effects of bulk SEM samples in the presence of gaseous or wet environments (111-114). The method has been applied to the examination of food, wool fibers (111), and polymers (112) and in the conservation of cultural properties (113). Recently, fuel cell catalysts have been characterized using a low-voltage ESEM with a resolution capability of 2 nm (114). 

There are a few distinct structural concepts for high-performance Pt alloy ORR electrocatalysts that are currently attracting much attention because they hold the promise of significant activity improvements compared to pure Pt catalysts. As a result of this, these electrocatalysts potentially offer the prospect to impact the future of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane fuel cell catalyst technology. 

Direct simulation of polymer electrolyte fuel cell catalyst layers, presentation of a systematic development of the direct numerical simulation... 

E. Antolini and E.R. Gonzalez, Polymer supports for low-temperature fuel cell catalysts, Appl. 

Soboleva T, Zhao X, Malek K, Xie Z, Navessin T, Holdcroft S (2010) On the micro-, meso-, and macroporous structures of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell catalyst layers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2 375-384... 

Lalande, G., R. Cote, D. Guay, J.P. Dodelet, L.T. Weng, and P. Bertrand (1997). Is nitrogen important in the formulation of Fe-based catalysts for oxygen reduction in solid polymer fuel-cells Electrochim. Acta 42,1378-1388. 

Aric6 A S, Stassi A, Modica E, Ornelas R, Gatto I, Passalacqua E and Antonucci V (2008), Performance and degradation of high temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cell catalysts. Journal of Power Sources, 178,525-536. 

Yousfi-Steiner N, Mocoteguy P, Candusso D and Hissel D (2009), A review on polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell catalyst degradation and starvation issues Causes, consequences and diagnostic for mitigation,/oMrnaZ of Power Sources, 194,130-145. 

There have been a number of recent reviews of supports for fuel cell catalysts [12, 13, 81]. Although these focus on oxygen reduction and methanol oxidation, they provide an excellent overview of the breadth of support materials that are available, mechanistic information, and include some examples for formic acid oxidation. Various types of high surface area carbons have been most commonly used as supports for formic acid oxidation catalysts. However, there is now growing interest in the use of various metals, metal oxides, and conducting polymers. 

Conducting Polymer-Supported Fuel Cell Catalysts... 

Jaouen patented a novel cathode structure for a solid polymer fuel cell [96] that cathode structure consisted of a solid polymer anion-exchange membrane surrounding the catalysts particles (entirely within the cathode structure), which was in contact (surrounded) with a cation-conducting polymer membrane. 

P. P. Mukheijee, Pore-scale modeling and analysis of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell catalyst layer , Ph.D. Dissertation, The Pennsylvania State University, USA (2007). 

Arico, A. S., Stassi, A., Modica, E. et al. 2008. Performance and degradation of high temperature polymer elecrtrolyte fuel cell catalysts. /. Power Sources 178 525-536. 

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