Polymers for Light Emitting Diodes

In particular, the development of polymers for electronics is still an open field where polymers are used not only as insulators, but where the electronic properties of conjugated macromolecules can be tailored for specific applications. 

The problem which confined the use of polymers only in the area of insulators was overcome in 1977 with the discovery by McDiarmid and Shirakawa [1] that iodine-doped polyacetylene possesses metallic conductivity. 

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H.J. Brouwer, Semiconducting Polymers for Light-emitting Diodes and Losers a Structural. Photophysical and Electrical Study of PPV-type Alternating Copolymers and Oligomers, Ph.D. Thesis, Groningen, 1998. 

Design and synthesis of polymers for light-emitting diodes A. Greiner Polym. Adv. Technol., 9 371-389... 

J.D. Stenger-Smith, P. Zarras, L.H. Merwin, S.E. Shaheen, B. Kippelen, and N. Peyghambarian, Synthesis and characterization of poly(2,5-bis(A -methyl-/V-hexylamino)phcnylcnc vinylene), a conjugated polymer for light-emitting diodes, Macromolecules, 31 7566-7569, 1998. 

Z. Peng, Z. Bao, and M.E. Galvin, Oxadiazole-containing conjugated polymers for light-emitting diodes, Adv. Mater., 10 680-682, 1998. 

M.S. Liu, Z. Jiang, P. Herguth, and A.K.-Y. Jen, Efficient cyano-containing electron-transporting polymers for light-emitting diodes, Chem. Mater., 13 3820-3822, 2001. 

W.-L. Yu, J. Pei, Y. Cao, W. Huang, and A.J. Heeger, New efficient blue light emitting polymer for light emitting diodes, Chem. Commune. 1837-1838, 1999. 

S. Dailey, M. Halim, E. Rebourt, L.E. Horsburgh, I.D.W. Samuel, and A.P. Monkman, An efficient electron-transporting polymer for light-emitting diodes, J. Phys. Condens. Matter, 10 5171-5178, 1998. 

On the other hand, pyrazoline and pyrazole derivatives are successfully used for material science tasks. For example, triarylpyrazolines are used in the synthesis of green electroluminescent polymers for light-emitting diodes [18], Some aromatic substituted 2-pyrazolines are effective organic luminophores [19,20], fluorophores [21] and scintillating materials [20, 22]. 

A. Greiner, Design and Synthesis of Polymers for Light-Emitting Diodes, Polym. 

Synthesis and characterization of poly(2,5-bis(N-methyl-N-hexylamino)phenylene vinylene), A conjugated polymer for light-emitting diodes. Macromolecules 31 (21) 7566-7569. 

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