Polymeric nanoparticles precipitation techniques

A completely different strategy to synthesize polymer/inorganic hybrid nanoparticles in miniemulsion is the solvent evaporation technique. Instead of a monomer droplet that polymerizes after sonication, a pre-formed polymer is dissolved in an organic solvent such as chloroform or toluene [30], This polymer solution forms the dispersed phase of the miniemulsion. Evaporation of the solvent from the miniemulsion droplets leads to precipitation of the polymer and the formation of nanoparticles. This technique could also allow for the synthesis of hybrid... 

MIP nanoparticles (prepared for example by precipitation polymerization) may also be used in this technique. To avoid problems with optical detection in the... 

The use of precipitation polymerization to produce nanogels was also the technique favored by Shea and colleagues in the imprinting of the bee venom toxin mellitin. Using a combinatorial approach to imprint W-isopropyl-acrylamide-based nanoparticles, certain terpolymer... 

To control the interfacial properties between the nanoparticles and polymeric matrix, various functionalization techniques, such as covalent [109] and noncovalent methods [110], have been developed. Covalent functionalizations involve oxidation step where defects are intentionally introduced within the structure to enable sites for further covalent bonding. The mechanical and electrical properties of the individual carbon nanostructures decrease due to the introduction of these defect sites, i.e. as a result of covalent functionalization. Such deterioration of properties is not anticipated when noncovalent functionalization methods, including solution crystallization, precipitation and physical vapour deposition, are... 

Emulsion polymerization is one of the most common techniques used to prepare polymer nanocomposites and hybrid nanoparticles with a core-shell structure as it is environmentally friendly and economically feasible on an industrial scale. There are three general well-studied processes to prepare polymer-MH nanocomposites, i.e. in situ monomer-nano-MH emulsion polymerization, an in situ combined process of precipitation and emulsion polymerization and surface-initiated in situ emulsion polymerization. Each of these methods is described below. 

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